c++为什么要进行运算符重载？

       运算符重载是为了解决类对象之间的运算的，通常的运算符只用于算术运算，如常量int之间，因为编译器已经定义了；而一个类两个对象之间成员进行运算必须重新定义，让编译器在遇到对象运算时能按我们要求的进行运算，这就是运算符重载的意义，即重定义运算符，因此你可以看到，运算符重载就是为类对象服务的，那么两个对象的成员进行运算那必须先获得对象本身啦，所以运算符重载参数必须含有类指针或引用，这是主要客户。 

      运算符重载的声明operator 关键字告诉 编译器，它是一个运算符重载，后面是相关运算符的符号，如+。返回类型是在使用这个运算符时获得的类型。对于这个+运算符重载，返回类型与包含类一样，但这种情况并不是必需的。两个参数就是要操作的对象。对于二元运算符（带两个参数），如+和－运算符，第一个参数是放在运算符左边的值，第二个参数是放在运算符右边的值。

      实例：

1.重载为类的成员函数

#include<iostream.h>
class complex
{
 public:
 complex()
 {
       real = image = 0;
 }
  complex(double r, double i)
 {
       real = r; image = i;
 }
 complex operator+(const complex&c);
 complex operator-(const complex&c);
 complex operator*(const complex&c);
 complex operator/(const complex&c);
 friend void printf(const complex&c);
private:
 double real, image;
};
inline complex complex::operator+(const complex& c)
{
 return complex(real + c.real, image + c.image);
}
inline complex complex::operator-(const complex&c)
{
 return complex(real - c.real, image - c.image);
}
inline complex complex::operator*(const complex&c)
{
 return complex(real*c.real - image*c.image, real*c.image + image*c.real);
}
inline complex complex::operator/(const complex&c)
{
 return complex((real*c.real + image*c.image) / (c.real*c.real+c.image*c.image),
  (image*c.real - real*c.image) / (c.real*c.real + c.image*c.image));
}



2.重载为类的友员函数

#include<iostream.h>

class complex
{
public:
 complex()
 {
  real = image = 0;
 }
 complex(double r, double i)
 {
  real = r; image = i;
 }
 friend complex operator+(const complex&c1,const complex&c2);
 friend complex operator-(const complex&c1, const complex&c2);
 friend complex operator*(const complex&c1,const complex&c2);
 friend complex operator/(const complex&c1,const complex&c2);
 friend void printf(const complex&c);
private:
 double real, image;
};
inline complex complex::operator+(const complex& c1,const complex&c2)
{
 return complex(c1.real + c2.real,c1.image + c2.image);
}
inline complex complex::operator-(const complex&c1,const complex&c2)
{
 return complex(c1.real - c2.real, c1.image - c2.image);
}
inline complex complex::operator*(const complex&c1,const complex&c2)
{
 return complex(c1.real*c2.real - c1.image*c2.image, c1.real*c2.image +c1.image*c2.real);
}
inline complex complex::operator/(const complex&c1,const complex&c2)
{
 return complex((c1.real*c2.real + c1.image*c2.image) / (c2.real*c2.real+c2.image*c2.image),
  (c1.image*c2.real - c1.real*c2.image) / (c2.real*c2.real + c2.image*c2.image));
}