kmeans算法python实现（iris数据集）

首先从sklearn里面载入iris数据集

如下所示

Sepal_Length  Sepal_Width  Petal_Length  Petal_Width  Species
0             5.1          3.5           1.4          0.2        0
1             4.9          3.0           1.4          0.2        0
2             4.7          3.2           1.3          0.2        0
3             4.6          3.1           1.5          0.2        0
4             5.0          3.6           1.4          0.2        0
..            ...          ...           ...          ...      ...
145           6.7          3.0           5.2          2.3        2
146           6.3          2.5           5.0          1.9        2
147           6.5          3.0           5.2          2.0        2
148           6.2          3.4           5.4          2.3        2
149           5.9          3.0           5.1          1.8        2

[150 rows x 5 columns]

可以看到有4列为特征，最后一列为类别

这里为了画图方便仅使用了Sepal_Length  和Petal_Width  两列

 可以看到特征和结果相关性挺高的

假如没有标签，看起来可以用kmeans解决，最后用kmeans看能不能得到类似的一个结果

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import glob
from collections import defaultdict
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np



def plot_scatter(df, name, centers=None, title=None):
    '''
    画图
    '''
    plt.figure()
    plt.scatter(df['Sepal_Length'], df['Petal_Width'], c=df['Species'])
    plt.xlabel('Sepal_Length')
    plt.ylabel('Petal_Width')
    plt.legend()
    if centers:
        plt.scatter([i[0] for i in centers], [i[1] for i in centers], c='r')
    if title:
        plt.title(title)
    plt.savefig(name)


def distance(point_a, point_b):
    '''
    欧氏距离计算
    '''
    return np.sqrt(sum((np.array(point_a) - np.array(point_b)) ** 2))


def k_means(points, k):
    centers = [points[i] for i in range(k)]
    dict_ = []
    iter_num = 0
    while True:
        point_dict = defaultdict(list)
        for point in points:
            distances = [distance(center, point) for center in centers]
            class_ = np.argmin(distances)
            dict_.append({'Sepal_Length': point[0], 'Petal_Width': point[1], 'Species': class_}, )
            point_dict[class_].append(point)
        print({k: len(v) for k, v in point_dict.items()})
        new_centers = [np.array(points).mean(axis=0) for class_, points in point_dict.items()]
        dis = (np.array(new_centers) - centers)
        if abs(dis.mean()) <= 0.0002:
            break
        else:
            centers = new_centers
            plot_scatter(pd.DataFrame(dict_), f'kmeans_{iter_num}.png', centers, iter_num)
            iter_num += 1


def png2jif():
    '''
    迭代生成的png转为动图
    '''
    file_names = glob.glob('*.png')
    from PIL import Image
    im = Image.open(file_names[0])
    images = []
    for file_name in file_names[1:]:
        images.append(Image.open(file_name))
    im.save('gif.gif', save_all=True, append_images=images, loop=1, duration=500, comment=b"aaabb")


def get_iris_df():
    iris = load_iris()
    iris_d = pd.DataFrame(iris['data'], columns=['Sepal_Length', 'Sepal_Width', 'Petal_Length', 'Petal_Width'])
    iris_d['Species'] = iris.target
    iris_d.dropna(inplace=True)
    return iris_d

if __name__ == '__main__':
    iris_df = get_iris_df()
    plot_scatter(iris_df, 'raw.png')
    print(iris_df)
    points = iris_df[['Sepal_Length', 'Petal_Width']].values
    k = 3
    k_means(points, k)
    png2jif()

 

 红色为中心点，可以看到通过kmeans可以得到一个和原始结果相近的一个结果