像素的操作

1、存取像素值
举个栗子：图像中添加椒盐噪点

#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>

void salt(cv::Mat image, int n)   //创建添加椒盐噪点的函数，第一个参数是张输入图像，传引用的参数传递方式，修改的像素个数
{

    for (int k = 0; k < n; k++)
    {
        int i = std::rand() % image.cols;//像素的行号和列号通过随机函数得到
        int j = std::rand() % image.rows;
        //if (image.channels() == 1) 通过检查图像的通道数来区分灰度图像还是彩色图像
        if (image.type() == CV_8UC1)//type()方法区分灰度图和彩色图像
        {
            image.at<uchar>(j, i) = 255;    //<uchar>指定的数据类型
        }
        //if (image.channels() == 3)
        else if (image.type() ==CV_8UC3)
        {
            image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j, i)[0] = 255;//at()方法访问像素，彩色图像像素是有三个8位数组成的向量（cv::Vec3b），三个通道都设置成255
            image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j, i)[1] = 255;
            image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j, i)[2] = 255;
        }

    }   
}

int main()
{
    cv::Mat image = cv::imread("boldt.jpg");
    salt(image, 3000);
    cv::imshow("image", image);
    cv::waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

结果：

2、遍历图像像素的不同种方法
①栗子：减少图像中的颜色数目

#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>

//指针扫描图像
void colorReduce(cv::Mat image, int div = 64)
{
    int nl = image.rows;   //行数
    int nc = image.cols*image.channels();//每行的操作个数
    for (int j = 0; j < nl; j++)
    {
        uchar* data = image.ptr<uchar>(j);  //取行的首地址
        for (int i = 0; i < nc; i++)
        {
            data[i] = data[i] / div*div + div / 2;  //像素的处理
        }
    }
}

②

//迭代器扫描图像
void colorReduce1(cv::Mat &image, int div = 64)
{
    cv::Mat_<cv::Vec3b>::iterator it = image.begin < cv::Vec3b > ();//初始位置获得迭代器
    cv::Mat_<cv::Vec3b>::iterator itend = image.end < cv::Vec3b >() ;//获得结位置
    for (;it != itend; ++it)
    {
        (*it)[0] = (*it)[0] / div*div + div / 2;
        (*it)[1] = (*it)[1] / div*div + div / 2;
        (*it)[2] = (*it)[2] / div*div + div / 2;
    }
}

③

//Mat提供了一个检测图像是否连续的函数isContinuous()。当图像连通时，我们就可以把图像完全展开，看成是一行。
void colorReduce2(const cv::Mat & image, cv::Mat & outImage, int div)
{
        int nr = image.rows;
        int nc = image.cols;
        outImage.create(image.size(), image.type());
        if (image.isContinuous() && outImage.isContinuous())
            {
                nr = 1;
                nc = nc*image.rows*image.channels();
             }
        for (int i = 0; i<nr; i++)
           {
                const uchar* inData = image.ptr<uchar>(i);
                 uchar* outData = outImage.ptr<uchar>(i);
                 for (int j = 0; j<nc; j++)
                     {
             * outData++ = *inData++ / div*div + div / 2;
                     }
            }
     }

④

//at<typename>(i,j)   时间最长
void colorReduce3(cv::Mat image, int div)
{
     for (int i = 0; i<image.rows; i++)
         {
                for (int j = 0; j<image.cols; j++)
                    {

                    image.at<cv::Vec3b>(i, j)[0] = image.at<cv::Vec3b>(i, j)[0] / div*div + div / 2;
                    image.at<cv::Vec3b>(i, j)[1] = image.at<cv::Vec3b>(i, j)[1] / div*div + div / 2;
                    image.at<cv::Vec3b>(i, j)[2] = image.at<cv::Vec3b>(i, j)[2] / div*div + div / 2;
                    }
             }
    }

主函数：

int main()
{
    cv::Mat image;
    image = cv::imread("image.jpg");
    cv::imshow("yuan", image);
    //-----colorReduce
    double time = static_cast<double>(cv::getTickCount());
    colorReduce(image, 64);
    time = (static_cast<double>(cv::getTickCount()) - time) / cv::getTickFrequency();
    std::cout << "colorReduce = " << time << std::endl;
    cv::namedWindow("colorReduce");
    cv::imshow("colorReduce", image);

    //-----colorReduce1
    double time1 = static_cast<double>(cv::getTickCount());
    colorReduce1(image, 64);
    time1 = (static_cast<double>(cv::getTickCount()) - time1) / cv::getTickFrequency();
    std::cout << "colorReduce1 = " << time1 << std::endl;
    cv::namedWindow("colorReduce1");
    cv::imshow("colorReduce1", image);

    //-----colorReduce2
    cv::Mat  outImage;
    outImage.create(image.size(), image.type());
    double time2 = static_cast<double>(cv::getTickCount());
    colorReduce2(image, outImage, 64);
    time2 = (static_cast<double>(cv::getTickCount()) - time2) / cv::getTickFrequency();
    std::cout << "colorReduce2 = " << time2 << std::endl;
    cv::namedWindow("colorReduce2");
    cv::imshow("colorReduce2", image);

    //-----colorReduce3
    double time3 = static_cast<double>(cv::getTickCount());
    colorReduce3(image, 64);
    time3 = (static_cast<double>(cv::getTickCount()) - time3) / cv::getTickFrequency();
    std::cout << "colorReduce3 = " << time3 << std::endl;
    cv::namedWindow("colorReduce3");
    cv::imshow("colorReduce3", image);


    cv::waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

各个遍历的时长：