RecyclerView剖析

####简介
　　本文将从RecyclerView实现原理并结合源码详细分析这个强大的控件。阅读本文要求：1、熟悉android控件绘制，2、了解动画，3、了解Scroller.本文所示源码版本是23.2.0。

####基本使用
　　RecyclerView的基本使用并不复杂，只需要提供一个RecyclerView.Apdater的实现用于处理数据集与ItemView的绑定关系，和一个RecyclerView.LayoutManager的实现用于 测量并布局 ItemView。

####绘制流程
　　众所周知，android控件的绘制可以分为3个步骤：measure、layout、draw。RecyclerView的绘制自然也经这3个步骤。但是，RecyclerView将它的measure与layout过程委托给了RecyclerView.LayoutManager来处理，并且，它对子控件的measure及layout过程是逐个处理的，也就是说，执行完成一个子控件的measure及layout过程再去执行下一个。下面看下这段代码：

protected void onMeasure(int widthSpec, int heightSpec) {
    ...
    if (mLayout.mAutoMeasure) {
        final int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthSpec);
        final int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightSpec);
        final boolean skipMeasure = widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY
                && heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        mLayout.onMeasure(mRecycler, mState, widthSpec, heightSpec);
        if (skipMeasure || mAdapter == null) {
            return;
        }
        ...
        dispatchLayoutStep2();
        
        mLayout.setMeasuredDimensionFromChildren(widthSpec, heightSpec);
        ...
    } else {
        ...
    }
}

这是RecyclerView的测量方法，再看下dispatchLayoutStep2()方法：

private void dispatchLayoutStep2() {
    ...
    mLayout.onLayoutChildren(mRecycler, mState);
    ...
}

上面的mLayout就是一个RecyclerView.LayoutManager实例。通过以上代码（和方法名称），不难推断出，RecyclerView的measure及layout过程委托给了RecyclerView.LayoutManager。接着看onLayoutChildren方法，在兼容包中提供了3个RecyclerView.LayoutManager的实现，这里我就只以LinearLayoutManager来举例说明：

public void onLayoutChildren(RecyclerView.Recycler recycler, RecyclerView.State state) {
    // layout algorithm:
    // 1) by checking children and other variables, find an anchor coordinate and an anchor
    //  item position.
    // 2) fill towards start, stacking from bottom
    // 3) fill towards end, stacking from top
    // 4) scroll to fulfill requirements like stack from bottom.
    ...
    mAnchorInfo.mLayoutFromEnd = mShouldReverseLayout ^ mStackFromEnd;
    // calculate anchor position and coordinate
    updateAnchorInfoForLayout(recycler, state, mAnchorInfo);
    ...
    if (mAnchorInfo.mLayoutFromEnd) {
        ...
    } else {
        // fill towards end
        updateLayoutStateToFillEnd(mAnchorInfo);
        mLayoutState.mExtra = extraForEnd;
        fill(recycler, mLayoutState, state, false);
        endOffset = mLayoutState.mOffset;
        final int lastElement = mLayoutState.mCurrentPosition;
        if (mLayoutState.mAvailable > 0) {
            extraForStart += mLayoutState.mAvailable;
        }
        // fill towards start
        updateLayoutStateToFillStart(mAnchorInfo);
        mLayoutState.mExtra = extraForStart;
        mLayoutState.mCurrentPosition += mLayoutState.mItemDirection;
        fill(recycler, mLayoutState, state, false);
        startOffset = mLayoutState.mOffset;
        ...
    }
    ...
}

源码中的注释部分我并没有略去，它已经解释了此处的逻辑了。这里我以垂直布局来说明，mAnchorInfo为布局锚点信息，包含了子控件在Y轴上起始绘制偏移量（coordinate），ItemView在Adapter中的索引位置（position）和布局方向（mLayoutFromEnd）——这里是指start、end方向。这部分代码的功能就是：确定布局锚点，以此为起点向开始和结束方向填充ItemView，如图所示：

在上一段代码中，fill()方法的作用就是填充ItemView，而图（3）说明了，在上段代码中fill()方法调用2次的原因。虽然图（3）是更为普遍的情况，而且在实现填充ItemView算法时，也是按图（3）所示来实现的，但是mAnchorInfo在赋值过程(updateAnchorInfoForLayout)中，只会出现图（1）、图（2）所示情况。现在来看下fill()方法：

int fill(RecyclerView.Recycler recycler, LayoutState layoutState,
        RecyclerView.State state, boolean stopOnFocusable) {
    ...
    int remainingSpace = layoutState.mAvailable + layoutState.mExtra;
    LayoutChunkResult layoutChunkResult = new LayoutChunkResult();
    while (...&&layoutState.hasMore(state)) {
        ...
        layoutChunk(recycler, state, layoutState, layoutChunkResult);
        
        ...
        if (...) {
            layoutState.mAvailable -= layoutChunkResult.mConsumed;
            remainingSpace -= layoutChunkResult.mConsumed;
        }
        if (layoutState.mScrollingOffset != LayoutState.SCOLLING_OFFSET_NaN) {
            layoutState.mScrollingOffset += layoutChunkResult.mConsumed;
            if (layoutState.mAvailable < 0) {
                layoutState.mScrollingOffset += layoutState.mAvailable;
            }
            recycleByLayoutState(recycler, layoutState);
        }
    }
    ...
}

下面是layoutChunk()方法：

void layoutChunk(RecyclerView.Recycler recycler, RecyclerView.State state,
        LayoutState layoutState, LayoutChunkResult result) {
    View view = layoutState.next(recycler);
    ...
    if (layoutState.mScrapList == null) {
        if (mShouldReverseLayout == (layoutState.mLayoutDirection
                == LayoutState.L