WPF中直接打开网页方法总结

最近一段时间，由于新项目的需要，实验了一下，在WPF Application中打开网页的方法，现总结如下：

本人一共实验过4种方法：

第一种方法：使用框架提供的空间WebBrowser（详见http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.windows.controls.webbrowser.aspx）来实验网页的载入，显示和导航。特点是方便，易于实现。缺点是如果遇到IE7.0以上不兼容的网页，会造成显示不正常的问题；解决的方法是修改注册表中IE的Render mode ，使之兼容IE8，详见

http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2009/03/10/more-ie8-extensibility-improvements.aspx

第二种方法：使用其他第三方可以集成浏览器到WPF Application 的ActiveX组件，失败原因：一共找到两个组件。

一个是Mozilla的Firefox的组件（http://www.iol.ie/~locka/mozilla/mozilla.htm），该组件针对的Firefox版本太低，现在的网友没有实际的意义；

一个是Google Chrome Activex的组件（http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en/wpf/thread/207139d2-ecd1-4b54-a94b-4eb340f95a19），在论坛上看到的，有人找到了，可是我没有找到。据称，该组件没有托管的。

第三种方法：基本思路是使用Process.Start("iexplore.exe", " www.msn.com.cn")打开一个IE的窗口，然后再使用SetParent将该新窗口并入WPF的主窗口中。代码如下（其他函数声明见附录）：

代码　　　　 var process = Process.Start("iexplore.exe", " www.msn.com.cn");

            process.WaitForInputIdle();

              //让IE准备好

            Thread.Sleep(3000);

            var ieHandle = FindWindow("ieframe", null);

            SetParent(ieHandle, this.Handle);

            int style = GetWindowLong(ieHandle, GWL_STYLE);

   SetWindowLong(ieHandle, GWL_STYLE, (style & ~WS_CAPTION));

具体的思路是：

Create a WindowsFormsHost and add it to a panel in your UI

Start the process (such as Notepad) using Process.Start

Call process.WaitForInputIdle

Use process.MainWindowHandle to get the window handle

Call SetWindowPos to set the process's window to the coordinates and Z Order of the HwndHost window

Hook both the HwndHost and the process.MainWindowHandle to detect size changes and repeat step 5.

第四种方法：基本思路是使用反射获得IE对象（InternetExplorer Object，

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa752084%28v=vs.85%29.aspx），然后设置相应的属性，最后将打开的新IE窗体，并入WPF程序中。

代码            System.Type oType =System.Type.GetTypeFromProgID("InternetExplorer.Application");

            object o = System.Activator.CreateInstance(oType);

            o.GetType().GetMembers();

            o.GetType().InvokeMember("menubar",

                System.Reflection.BindingFlags.SetProperty, null, o, new object[] { 0 });

            o.GetType().InvokeMember("toolbar",

                System.Reflection.BindingFlags.SetProperty, null, o, new object[] { 0 });

            o.GetType().InvokeMember("statusBar",

                System.Reflection.BindingFlags.SetProperty, null, o, new object[] { 0 });

            o.GetType().InvokeMember("addressbar",

                System.Reflection.BindingFlags.SetProperty, null, o, new object[] { 0 });

            o.GetType().InvokeMember("Visible",

                System.Reflection.BindingFlags.SetProperty, null, o, new object[] { true });

            o.GetType().InvokeMember("Navigate",

                System.Reflection.BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, o, new object[] { 你的URL });

   

            var ieHandle = FindWindow("ieframe", null);

            SetParent(ieHandle, this.Handle);

            int style = GetWindowLong(ieHandle, GWL_STYLE);

   SetWindowLong(ieHandle, GWL_STYLE, (style & ~WS_CAPTION));

附录：

定义User32的定义，可以在http://www.pinvoke.net/index.aspx中找到

代码[DllImport("USER32.DLL")]

        public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);

 

        //Sets a window to be a child window of another window

        [DllImport("USER32.DLL")]

        public static extern IntPtr SetParent(IntPtr hWndChild, IntPtr hWndNewParent);

 

        //Sets window attributes

        [DllImport("USER32.DLL")]

        public static extern int SetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex, int dwNewLong);

 

        //Gets window attributes

        [DllImport("USER32.DLL")]

        public static extern int GetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex);

 

        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]

        internal static extern bool MoveWindow(IntPtr hWnd, int X, int Y, int nWidth, int nHeight, bool bRepaint);

 

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]

        private static extern bool ShowWindow(IntPtr hWnd, WindowShowStyle nCmdShow);

 

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]

 

        private static extern uint GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out uint lpdwProcessId);

 

        /// <summary>Enumeration of the different ways of showing a window using

        /// ShowWindow</summary>

        private enum WindowShowStyle : uint

        {

            /// <summary>Hides the window and activates another window.</summary>

            /// <remarks>See SW_HIDE</remarks>

            Hide = 0,

            /// <summary>Activates and displays a window. If the window is minimized

            /// or maximized, the system restores it to its original size and

            /// position. An application should specify this flag when displaying

            /// the window for the first time.</summary>

            /// <remarks>See SW_SHOWNORMAL</remarks>

            ShowNormal = 1,

            /// <summary>Activates the window and displays it as a minimized window.</summary>

            /// <remarks>See SW_SHOWMINIMIZED</remarks>

            ShowMinimized = 2,

            /// <summary>Activates the window and displays it as a maximized window.</summary>

            /// <remarks>See SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED</remarks>

            ShowMaximized = 3,

            /// <summary>Maximizes the specified window.</summary>

            /// <remarks>See SW_MAXIMIZE</remarks>

            Maximize = 3,

            /// <summary>Displays a window in its most recent size and position.

            /// This value is similar to "ShowNormal", except the window is not

            /// actived.</summary>

            /// <remarks>See SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE</remarks>

            ShowNormalNoActivate = 4,

            /// <summary>Activates the window and displays it in its current size

            /// and position.</summary>

            /// <remarks>See SW_SHOW</remarks>

            Show = 5,

            /// <summary>Minimizes the specified window and activates the next

            /// top-level window in the Z order.</summary>

            /// <remarks>See SW_MINIMIZE</remarks>

            Minimize = 6,

            /// <summary>Displays the window as a minimized window. This value is

            /// similar to "ShowMinimized", except the window is not activated.</summary>

            /// <remarks>See SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE</remarks>

            ShowMinNoActivate = 7,

            /// <summary>Displays the window in its current size and position. This

            /// value is similar to "Show", except the window is not activated.</summary>

            /// <remarks>See SW_SHOWNA</remarks>

            ShowNoActivate = 8,

            /// <summary>Activates and displays the window. If the window is

            /// minimized or maximized, the system restores it to its original size

            /// and position. An application should specify this flag when restoring

            /// a minimized window.</summary>

            /// <remarks>See SW_RESTORE</remarks>

            Restore = 9,

            /// <summary>Sets the show state based on the SW_ value specified in the

            /// STARTUPINFO structure passed to the CreateProcess function by the

            /// program that started the application.</summary>

            /// <remarks>See SW_SHOWDEFAULT</remarks>

            ShowDefault = 10,

            /// <summary>Windows 2000/XP: Minimizes a window, even if the thread

            /// that owns the window is hung. This flag should only be used when

            /// minimizing windows from a different thread.</summary>

            /// <remarks>See SW_FORCEMINIMIZE</remarks>

            ForceMinimized = 11

        }

 

        public const UInt32 WS_POPUP = 0x80000000;

        //assorted constants needed

        public static int GWL_STYLE = -16;

        public static int WS_CHILD = 0x40000000; //child window

        public static int WS_BORDER = 0x00800000; //window with border

        public static int WS_DLGFRAME = 0x00400000; //window with double border but no title

        public static int WS_CAPTION = WS_BORDER | WS_DLGFRAME; //window with a title bar

 

        public const UInt32 WS_THICKFRAME = 0x40000;

 

 

        public const UInt32 WS_SIZEBOX = WS_THICKFRAME;

 

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

        public struct RECT

        {

            public int Left;

            public int Top;

            public int Right;

            public int Bottom;

        }

 

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]

        static extern bool GetClientRect(IntPtr hWnd, out RECT lpRect);

备注：

1)         在一定的情况下，可以使用IE的K模式满足用户的要求，不必一定要嵌入自己的程序中。详见http://support.microsoft.com/kb/154780；

2)         在寻找的过程中，找了一下开源的项目，看有没有现成的wpf浏览器，结果没有找到。涉及的项目有Chromium WebBrowser WPF，WebBrowserEx，webbrowserc++，adhoc；

3)         在寻找的过程中，看到有人用WebApp.hta来实现网页的解析和载入，不过还是存在不兼容IE8.0的问题；

如果是直接调用默认浏览器打开网页建议使用进程直接打开，在这里可能会出现两种情况，如果这个链接是经过编码的打开网页后可能会出现乱码，在这里分享一下代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace SoftRGB.Controls
{
    public static class AppServices
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 直接打开Uri类型的链接（经过转码后的string再经过tostring()会出现乱码，用另一个方法）
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="uri"></param>
        public static void OpenUri(Uri uri)
        {
            if (uri != null)
            {
                try
                {
                    System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(uri.ToString());
                }
                catch
                {
                    RGBMessageBox.Show("网址是：" + uri.ToString(), "网络浏览器调用失败，请确定你的电脑中安装了网络浏览器！", RGBMesType.Warn);
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 直接打开string类型的链接（可以是经过转码后的链接）
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="uri"></param>
        public static void OpenUri(string uri)
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(uri))
            {
                try
                {
                    System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(uri);
                }
                catch
                {
                    RGBMessageBox.Show("网址是：" + uri.ToString(), "网络浏览器调用失败，请确定你的电脑中安装了网络浏览器！", RGBMesType.Warn);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}