Lifecycle-Aware Components的源码解析
我们先回顾下Lifecycle-Aware Components里面提到的例子
class MyLocationListener implements LifecycleObserver {
private boolean enabled = false;
public MyLocationListener(Context context, Lifecycle lifecycle, Callback callback) {
...
}
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START)
void start() {
if (enabled) {
// 连接
}
}
public void enable() {
enabled = true;
if (lifecycle.getCurrentState().isAtLeast(STARTED)) {
// 如果没有连接则进行连接
}
}
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP)
void stop() {
// 如果已经连接则断开连接
}
}
class MyActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private MyLocationListener myLocationListener;
public void onCreate(...) {
myLocationListener = new MyLocationListener(this, getLifecycle(), location -> {
// update UI
});
Util.checkUserStatus(result -> {
if (result) {
myLocationListener.enable();
}
});
getLifecycle().addObserver(myLocationListener);
}
}
看见上面的getLifecycle().addObserver(myLocationListener)的这句代码是不是有点熟悉的感觉,像很多地方都可以看到的观察者模式(不认识的可以百度),实际它就是观察者模式,这个在下面的代码有体现,在这里先把它当做观察者模式来对待,在上面的例子里面MyLocationListener充当是观察者,getLifecycle()获取的对象是被观察者。
在前面的一篇介绍到Fragments and Activities 在 Support Library 26.1.0 和以后的版本 已经实现 LifecycleOwner 接口
public interface LifecycleOwner {
/**
* Returns the Lifecycle of the provider.
*
* @return The lifecycle of the provider.
*/
@NonNull
Lifecycle getLifecycle();
}
在Fragments and Activities就可以直接通过getLifecycle()方法获取被观察者对象Lifecycle:
private LifecycleRegistry mLifecycleRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this);
@Override
public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {
return mLifecycleRegistry;
}
LifecycleRegistry 对象addObserver代码:
public class LifecycleRegistry extends Lifecycle {
...
public void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer) {
// 状态赋值
State initialState = mState == DESTROYED ? DESTROYED : INITIALIZED;
// 将observer封装成带状态的对象
ObserverWithState statefulObserver = new ObserverWithState(observer, initialState);
// 如果以observer为key的集合里面不存在该对象则加入集合并返回null
ObserverWithState previous = mObserverMap.putIfAbsent(observer, statefulObserver);
// 如果已存在返回
if (previous != null) {
return;
}
// lifecycleOwner 为null则activity已被回收
LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner = mLifecycleOwner.get();
if (lifecycleOwner == null) {
// it is null we should be destroyed. Fallback quickly
return;
}
// 是否重入了(该事件未执行完,就又addObserver)
boolean isReentrance = mAddingObserverCounter != 0 || mHandlingEvent;
// 计算我们需要到达的State,比如我们在OnResume()方法addObserver
// 则targetState 为STARTED(Observer在onResume()后触发,
// handleLifecycleEvent()未执行,Fragment的创建Oncreate、onStart、
// onResume周期在Activity之后)
State targetState = calculateTargetState(observer);
mAddingObserverCounter++;
// 循环执行小于targetState 状态的周期方法
while ((statefulObserver.mState.compareTo(targetState) < 0
&& mObserverMap.contains(observer))) {
pushParentState(statefulObserver.mState);
// 分发事件
statefulObserver.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, upEvent(statefulObserver.mState));
popParentState();
// mState / subling may have been changed recalculate
targetState = calculateTargetState(observer);
}
if (!isReentrance) {
// we do sync only on the top level.
sync();
}
mAddingObserverCounter--;
}
...
}
下面我们看下ObserverWithState 的源码,这里面有需要注意的地方
static class ObserverWithState {
State mState;
GenericLifecycleObserver mLifecycleObserver;
ObserverWithState(LifecycleObserver observer, State initialState) {
mLifecycleObserver = Lifecycling.getCallback(observer);
mState = initialState;
}
void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {
State newState = getStateAfter(event);
mState = min(mState, newState);
mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);
mState = newState;
}
}
上面ObserverWithState 的构造方法里面调用了Lifecycling对象的getCallback方法
static GenericLifecycleObserver getCallback(Object object) {
// 非注解方式的回调接口处理下直接返回
if (object instanceof FullLifecycleObserver) {
return new FullLifecycleObserverAdapter((FullLifecycleObserver) object);
}
if (object instanceof GenericLifecycleObserver) {
return (GenericLifecycleObserver) object;
}
// 通过注解方式的回调接口
final Class<?> klass = object.getClass();
int type = getObserverConstructorType(klass);
if (type == GENERATED_CALLBACK) {
List<Constructor<? extends GeneratedAdapter>> constructors =
sClassToAdapters.get(klass);
if (constructors.size() == 1) {
GeneratedAdapter generatedAdapter = createGeneratedAdapter(
constructors.get(0), object);
return new SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver(generatedAdapter);
}
GeneratedAdapter[] adapters = new GeneratedAdapter[constructors.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < constructors.size(); i++) {
adapters[i] = createGeneratedAdapter(constructors.get(i), object);
}
return new CompositeGeneratedAdaptersObserver(adapters);
}
return new ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver(object);
}
最后通过注解生成的类
public class MyLocationListener_LifecycleAdapter implements GeneratedAdapter {
final MyLocationListener mReceiver;
MyLocationListener_LifecycleAdapter(MyLocationListener receiver) {
this.mReceiver = receiver;
}
@Override
public void callMethods(LifecycleOwner owner, Lifecycle.Event event, boolean onAny,
MethodCallsLogger logger) {
boolean hasLogger = logger != null;
if (onAny) {
if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall("onAny", 4)) {
mReceiver.onAny(owner,event);
}
return;
}
if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE) {
if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall("onCreate", 1)) {
mReceiver.onCreate();
}
return;
}
if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY) {
if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall("onDestroy", 1)) {
mReceiver.onDestroy();
}
return;
}
}
}
通过callMethods根据不同得到event执行不同的方法回调,调用我们自己定义的MyLocationListener的各个方法。
回到getCallback方法,首先我们获取MyLocationListener_LifecycleAdapter构造方法方法,然后反射生产GeneratedAdapter对象.
如果只有一个构造的话返回SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver,多个的话返回CompositeGeneratedAdaptersObserver都失败的话返回
我们看下SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver的源码
public class SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver implements
GenericLifecycleObserver {
private final GeneratedAdapter mGeneratedAdapter;
SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver(GeneratedAdapter
generatedAdapter) {
mGeneratedAdapter = generatedAdapter;
}
@Override
public void onStateChanged(LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event
event) {
mGeneratedAdapter.callMethods(source, event, false, null);
mGeneratedAdapter.callMethods(source, event, true, null);
}
}
GeneratedAdapter就是MyLocationListener _LifecycleAdapter,我们在SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver的源码中看到有个onStateChanged方法,在调用onStateChanged的时候会调用GeneratedAdapter的callMethods,从而会调用MyLocationListener的方法。那么onStateChanged是谁调用的?
我们回到ObserverWithState,发现了它的dispatchEvent方法里面有个onStateChanged,而这个mLifecycleObserver就是我们上面讲的SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver,它是通过我们上面讲的Lifecycling.getCallback(observer)生成的。
void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {
State newState = getStateAfter(event);
mState = min(mState, newState);
mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);
mState = newState;
}
先梳理下上面的流程
acitivty中调用LifecycleRegistry的addObserver(LifecycleObserver observer)
LifecycleObserver 被封装成了ObserverWithState并存入我们集合中
ObserverWithState 在构造的时候,调用了Lifecycling.getCallback(observer)
– getCallback(observer)调用了createGeneratedAdapter()
– createGeneratedAdapter通过反射生了MyLifecycle_LifecycleAdapter对象
– MyLifecycle_LifecycleAdapter是反射生成的
– 最后返回一个SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver对象在ObserverWithState的dispatchEvent()方法调了SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver对象的onStateChanged方法
–最后调用了MyLocationListener_LifecycleAdapter的callMethods,然后再调用了我们自定义的MyLocationListener方法
- 被观察者LifecycleRegister的handleLifecycleEvent()
public void handleLifecycleEvent(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
State next = getStateAfter(event);
moveToState(next);
}
其中有个event和state是我们需要关注的,看下源码
@SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
public enum Event {
/**
* Constant for onCreate event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
*/
ON_CREATE,
/**
* Constant for onStart event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
*/
ON_START,
/**
* Constant for onResume event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
*/
ON_RESUME,
/**
* Constant for onPause event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
*/
ON_PAUSE,
/**
* Constant for onStop event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
*/
ON_STOP,
/**
* Constant for onDestroy event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
*/
ON_DESTROY,
/**
* An {@link Event Event} constant that can be used to match all events.
*/
ON_ANY
}
/**
* Lifecycle states. You can consider the states as the nodes in a graph and
* {@link Event}s as the edges between these nodes.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
public enum State {
/**
* Destroyed state for a LifecycleOwner. After this event, this Lifecycle will not dispatch
* any more events. For instance, for an {@link android.app.Activity}, this state is reached
* <b>right before</b> Activity's {@link android.app.Activity#onDestroy() onDestroy} call.
*/
DESTROYED,
/**
* Initialized state for a LifecycleOwner. For an {@link android.app.Activity}, this is
* the state when it is constructed but has not received
* {@link android.app.Activity#onCreate(android.os.Bundle) onCreate} yet.
*/
INITIALIZED,
/**
* Created state for a LifecycleOwner. For an {@link android.app.Activity}, this state
* is reached in two cases:
* <ul>
* <li>after {@link android.app.Activity#onCreate(android.os.Bundle) onCreate} call;
* <li><b>right before</b> {@link android.app.Activity#onStop() onStop} call.
* </ul>
*/
CREATED,
/**
* Started state for a LifecycleOwner. For an {@link android.app.Activity}, this state
* is reached in two cases:
* <ul>
* <li>after {@link android.app.Activity#onStart() onStart} call;
* <li><b>right before</b> {@link android.app.Activity#onPause() onPause} call.
* </ul>
*/
STARTED,
/**
* Resumed state for a LifecycleOwner. For an {@link android.app.Activity}, this state
* is reached after {@link android.app.Activity#onResume() onResume} is called.
*/
RESUMED;
/**
* Compares if this State is greater or equal to the given {@code state}.
*
* @param state State to compare with
* @return true if this State is greater or equal to the given {@code state}
*/
public boolean isAtLeast(@NonNull State state) {
return compareTo(state) >= 0;
}
}
他们是怎样的一个对应关系呢,我们看下官方图解
举个列子,假如传入的event是onstart那么我们就可以知道它现在的状态是create,经过onstart他要去Started状态
static State getStateAfter(Event event) {
switch (event) {
case ON_CREATE:
case ON_STOP:
return CREATED;
case ON_START:
case ON_PAUSE:
return STARTED;
case ON_RESUME:
return RESUMED;
case ON_DESTROY:
return DESTROYED;
case ON_ANY:
break;
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected event value " + event);
}
.我们再回到handleLifecycleEvent
其中getStateAfter方法就是获得的是next状态就是Started.那么MovetoNext方法是干啥的呢?
里面有个mstate变量这个变量存放的是LifecycleRegister的当前的state,以上面例子,假如我们当前的是Started,那么我们就不需要sync()了;如果不是Started,我们先当前的mState状态重新赋值,然后同步,怎么同步策略呢?看 sync()源码
private void sync() {
LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner = mLifecycleOwner.get();
if (lifecycleOwner == null) {
Log.w(LOG_TAG, "LifecycleOwner is garbage collected, you shouldn't try dispatch "
+ "new events from it.");
return;
}
// 是否已经同步组件周期
while (!isSynced()) {
mNewEventOccurred = false;
// no need to check eldest for nullability, because isSynced does it for us.
if (mState.compareTo(mObserverMap.eldest().getValue().mState) < 0) {
backwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
}
Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> newest = mObserverMap.newest();
if (!mNewEventOccurred && newest != null
&& mState.compareTo(newest.getValue().mState) > 0) {
forwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
}
}
mNewEventOccurred = false;
}
它是比较当前的状态和我们存我们存放观察者的集合最早或最新放入的观察者的状态,我们知道集合存放的是ObserverWithState里面有我们注册观察者的状态,假如mState是STARTED,如果观察者的状态是CREATED,那么我们需要通过forwardPass()告诉观察者状态变了你要到STARTED,看官方图就可以知道这个event就为ON_START,看下forwardPass()源码
private void backwardPass(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {
Iterator<Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState>> descendingIterator =
mObserverMap.descendingIterator();
while (descendingIterator.hasNext() && !mNewEventOccurred) {
Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> entry = descendingIterator.next();
ObserverWithState observer = entry.getValue();
while ((observer.mState.compareTo(mState) > 0 && !mNewEventOccurred
&& mObserverMap.contains(entry.getKey()))) {
Event event = downEvent(observer.mState);
pushParentState(getStateAfter(event));
observer.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, event);
popParentState();
}
}
}
第一个while循坏遍历我们存储观察者的集合,第二个是要处理各个状态经过的event,eg:msate是RESUMED而ObserverWithState中的state是INITIALIZED,那么他要分发ON_CREATE,ON_RESUME,调用ObserverWithState的dispatchEvent方法,其中upEvent就是返回所要经历的event,那么dispatchEvent什么时候调用的?
- 被观察者LifecycleRegister的handleLifecycleEvent()调用
在导入implementation “android.arch.lifecycle:extensions:1.1.1”
运行app,在。。。/build/outputs/logs/**.text找到android.arch.lifecycle:extensions:1.1.1的合并的AndroidManifest.xml打开
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="android.arch.lifecycle.extensions" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="14"
android:targetSdkVersion="26" />
<application>
<provider
android:name="android.arch.lifecycle.ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer"
android:authorities="${applicationId}.lifecycle-trojan"
android:exported="false"
android:multiprocess="true" />
</application>
</manifest>
查看ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer源码:
public class ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer extends ContentProvider {
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
LifecycleDispatcher.init(getContext());
ProcessLifecycleOwner.init(getContext());
return true;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public Cursor query(@NonNull Uri uri, String[] strings, String s, String[] strings1,
String s1) {
return null;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public String getType(@NonNull Uri uri) {
return null;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public Uri insert(@NonNull Uri uri, ContentValues contentValues) {
return null;
}
@Override
public int delete(@NonNull Uri uri, String s, String[] strings) {
return 0;
}
@Override
public int update(@NonNull Uri uri, ContentValues contentValues, String s, String[] strings) {
return 0;
}
}
只需要看onCreate里面的代码
class LifecycleDispatcher {
private static final String REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG = "android.arch.lifecycle"
+ ".LifecycleDispatcher.report_fragment_tag";
private static AtomicBoolean sInitialized = new AtomicBoolean(false);
static void init(Context context) {
if (sInitialized.getAndSet(true)) {
return;
}
// 注册Activity周期监听
((Application) context.getApplicationContext())
.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(new DispatcherActivityCallback());
}
@SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
@VisibleForTesting
static class DispatcherActivityCallback extends EmptyActivityLifecycleCallbacks {
private final FragmentCallback mFragmentCallback;
DispatcherActivityCallback() {
mFragmentCallback = new FragmentCallback();
}
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// 如果是FragmentActivity则注册Fragment的周期监听
if (activity instanceof FragmentActivity) {
((FragmentActivity) activity).getSupportFragmentManager()
.registerFragmentLifecycleCallbacks(mFragmentCallback, true);
}
// 把fragment加入actvity
ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(activity);
}
@Override
public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) {
if (activity instanceof FragmentActivity) {
markState((FragmentActivity) activity, CREATED);
}
}
@Override
public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle outState) {
if (activity instanceof FragmentActivity) {
markState((FragmentActivity) activity, CREATED);
}
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
public static class DestructionReportFragment extends Fragment {
@Override
public void onPause() {
super.onPause();
dispatch(ON_PAUSE);
}
@Override
public void onStop() {
super.onStop();
dispatch(ON_STOP);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
dispatch(ON_DESTROY);
}
protected void dispatch(Lifecycle.Event event) {
dispatchIfLifecycleOwner(getParentFragment(), event);
}
}
private static void markState(FragmentManager manager, State state) {
Collection<Fragment> fragments = manager.getFragments();
if (fragments == null) {
return;
}
for (Fragment fragment : fragments) {
if (fragment == null) {
continue;
}
markStateIn(fragment, state);
if (fragment.isAdded()) {
markState(fragment.getChildFragmentManager(), state);
}
}
}
private static void markStateIn(Object object, State state) {
if (object instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) {
LifecycleRegistry registry = ((LifecycleRegistryOwner) object).getLifecycle();
registry.markState(state);
}
}
private static void markState(FragmentActivity activity, State state) {
markStateIn(activity, state);
markState(activity.getSupportFragmentManager(), state);
}
private static void dispatchIfLifecycleOwner(Fragment fragment, Lifecycle.Event event) {
if (fragment instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) {
((LifecycleRegistryOwner) fragment).getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event);
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
@VisibleForTesting
static class FragmentCallback extends FragmentManager.FragmentLifecycleCallbacks {
@Override
public void onFragmentCreated(FragmentManager fm, Fragment f, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
dispatchIfLifecycleOwner(f, ON_CREATE);
if (!(f instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner)) {
return;
}
if (f.getChildFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) {
f.getChildFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(new DestructionReportFragment(),
REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();
}
}
@Override
public void onFragmentStarted(FragmentManager fm, Fragment f) {
dispatchIfLifecycleOwner(f, ON_START);
}
@Override
public void onFragmentResumed(FragmentManager fm, Fragment f) {
dispatchIfLifecycleOwner(f, ON_RESUME);
}
}
}
public class ReportFragment extends Fragment {
private static final String REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG = "android.arch.lifecycle"
+ ".LifecycleDispatcher.report_fragment_tag";
public static void injectIfNeededIn(Activity activity) {
// ProcessLifecycleOwner should always correctly work and some activities may not extend
// FragmentActivity from support lib, so we use framework fragments for activities
android.app.FragmentManager manager = activity.getFragmentManager();
if (manager.findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) {
manager.beginTransaction().add(new ReportFragment(), REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();
// Hopefully, we are the first to make a transaction.
manager.executePendingTransactions();
}
}
static ReportFragment get(Activity activity) {
return (ReportFragment) activity.getFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(
REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG);
}
private ActivityInitializationListener mProcessListener;
private void dispatchCreate(ActivityInitializationListener listener) {
if (listener != null) {
listener.onCreate();
}
}
private void dispatchStart(ActivityInitializationListener listener) {
if (listener != null) {
listener.onStart();
}
}
private void dispatchResume(ActivityInitializationListener listener) {
if (listener != null) {
listener.onResume();
}
}
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
dispatchCreate(mProcessListener);
dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();
dispatchStart(mProcessListener);
dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
}
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
dispatchResume(mProcessListener);
dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME);
}
@Override
public void onPause() {
super.onPause();
dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE);
}
@Override
public void onStop() {
super.onStop();
dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY);
// just want to be sure that we won't leak reference to an activity
mProcessListener = null;
}
private void dispatch(Lifecycle.Event event) {
Activity activity = getActivity();
if (activity instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) {
((LifecycleRegistryOwner) activity).getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event);
return;
}
if (activity instanceof LifecycleOwner) {
Lifecycle lifecycle = ((LifecycleOwner) activity).getLifecycle();
if (lifecycle instanceof LifecycleRegistry) {
((LifecycleRegistry) lifecycle).handleLifecycleEvent(event);
}
}
}
void setProcessListener(ActivityInitializationListener processListener) {
mProcessListener = processListener;
}
interface ActivityInitializationListener {
void onCreate();
void onStart();
void onResume();
}
在injectIfNeededIn中我们把reportFragment加入到我们的activity中然后在其各个生命周期中都会调用dispatch(),最后调用了被观察者的handleLifecycleEvent,这就回答了我们的问题,但是还有一个疑问,就是为什么要用fragment而不用ActivityCallBack呢,其实很简单,ActivityCallBacks生命周期比我们的activity的生命周期要早,也就是说ActivityCallBacks的oncreate比activity的要早,所以我们用了fragment的生命周期和我们handleLifecycleEvent相绑定。这设计的很巧妙。这样fragment周期变化我们就可以监听了。
最后回头看下FragmentCallback
static class FragmentCallback extends FragmentManager.FragmentLifecycleCallbacks {
@Override
public void onFragmentCreated(FragmentManager fm, Fragment f, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
dispatchIfLifecycleOwner(f, ON_CREATE);
if (!(f instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner)) {
return;
}
if (f.getChildFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) {
f.getChildFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(new DestructionReportFragment(),
REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();
}
}
@Override
public void onFragmentStarted(FragmentManager fm, Fragment f) {
dispatchIfLifecycleOwner(f, ON_START);
}
@Override
public void onFragmentResumed(FragmentManager fm, Fragment f) {
dispatchIfLifecycleOwner(f, ON_RESUME);
}
}
这个是在activity是FragmentActivty及有Fragment加入,调用addObserver()这样就可以监听Fragment的周期变化,可以看出我们继承的是Activty而不是FragmentActivty的时候是不能监听Fragment的周期变化的。