网络编程
1.1 概述
地球村:你在西安,有一个美国的朋友
信件:
计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统
网络编程的目的:
无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换,通信
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
1、如何准确达到定位网络上的一台主机:ip地址:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
2、找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
javaweb:网页编程 B/S
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
1.2 网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方的地址
- ip
- 端口
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型:
小结:
1.网络编程中有俩个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台主机或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
2.网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号
- 网络通信协议
3.万物皆对象
1.3 IP
ip地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上计算机
-
127.0.0.1:本机localhost
-
ip地址的分类
-
ipv4/ipv6
-
ipv4 127.0.01, 4个字节组成, 0-255,42亿,30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿
-
IPV6 fe80::196b:e5d1:8d96:e43f%19,128位,8个无符号整数!
2001:0bb2:aaaa:0015:0000:0000:1aaa:1312
-
-
公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx专门给组织内部使用(局域网)
-
-
域名:记忆IP问题!
- IP:www.jd.com
package com.nine.lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
/**
* @Author 韦浪
* @create 2020/10/29 20:10
*/
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
//查询网站ip
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4 端口
端口表示计算机一个程序的进程:
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件
-
按规定0-65535
-
TCP,UDP:65535 * 2 tcp:80,udp:80,单个协议下端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
- 公有端口0-1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- 程序注册端口:1024-49151,分配给用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有:49152-65535
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定端口 tasklist|findstr "8689" #查看指定端口的进程 Ctrl+shift+ESC #打开任务管理器
- 公有端口0-1023
-
package com.nine.lesson01; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; /** * @Author 韦浪 * @create 2020/10/29 20:28 */ public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080); System.out.println(socketAddress); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址 System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口 } }
1.5 通信协议
协议:约定
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
问题:非常的复杂
大事化小:分层的概念
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:
- IP:网络互联协议
TCP UDP 对比
TCP:打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
三次握手,四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接! A:泥鳅啥 B:瞅你咋地? A:干一场! A:我要走了 B:你真的要走了吗 B:你真的真的要走了吗 A:我真的要走了!
-
客户端,服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端,服务端,没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你…
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)
1.6 TCP
客户端:
1、连接服务器Socket
2、发送消息
package com.nine.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
/**
* @Author 韦浪
* @create 2020/10/30 14:36
*/
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
//2、端口号
int port = 9999;
//3、创建一个socket连接
try {
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//4、发送消息IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,欢迎学习网络编程".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器:
1、建立服务的端口ServerSocket
2、等待用户的连接accpet
3、接受用户的消息
package com.nine.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* @Author 韦浪
* @create 2020/10/30 14:36
*/
//服务端
public class TcpServiceDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1、我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true){
//2、等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3、读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer))!= -1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器端
package com.nine.lesson02;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* @Author 韦浪
* @create 2020/10/30 15:33
*/
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1、创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2、监听客户端的连接
Socket socket =serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//获取输入流
InputStream is =socket.getInputStream();
//文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("receive.png");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端,接受完毕
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接受完毕了".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端
package com.nine.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
/**
* @Author 韦浪
* @create 2020/10/30 15:24
*/
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1、创建Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2、创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3、读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("Screenshot_1593687421.png"));
//4、写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义S
- Tomcat服务器S:JAVA后台开发
客户端
- 自定义C
- 浏览器B
1.7 UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址
发送消息
package com.nine.lesson03;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
/**
* @Author 韦浪
* @create 2020/10/30 16:28
*/
public class UDPClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1、建立Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2、建个包
String message = "你好,服务器";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9090;
//数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(message.getBytes(),0,message.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3、发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4、关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接受端
package com.nine.lesson03;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
/**
* @Author 韦浪
* @create 2020/10/30 16:34
*/
//还是要等待客户端的链接!
public class UDPServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接受数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接受
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
package com.nine.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
/**
* @Author 韦浪
* @create 2020/10/30 16:59
*/
public class UpdSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
//发送数据
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
循环接受消息
package com.nine.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
/**
* @Author 韦浪
* @create 2020/10/30 17:00
*/
public class UpdServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询:俩个人都可以是接受方,也是发送方
1、创建TalkSend发送消息的线程
//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//
package com.nine.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int formIP;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int formIP, String toIP, int toPort) throws SocketException {
this.formIP = formIP;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
this.socket = new DatagramSocket(formIP);
this.reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception var5) {
}
}
public void run() {
while(true) {
while(true) {
try {
String data = this.reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
this.socket.send(packet);
if (!data.equals("bye")) {
continue;
}
} catch (Exception var4) {
continue;
}
this.socket.close();
return;
}
}
}
}
2、创建TalkReceive接受消息的线程
package com.nine.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
/**
* @Author 韦浪
* @create 2020/10/30 18:06
*/
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom=msgFrom;
try {
socket =new DatagramSocket(port);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+": "+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
3、双方咨询:模拟学生与老师
4、需要一个学生类开启俩个线程,需要一个老师类开启俩个线程实现信息交流
- TalkStudent学生类
//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//
package com.nine.chat;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkStudent {
public TalkStudent() {
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws SocketException {
(new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999))).start();
(new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "老师"))).start();
}
}
- TalkTeacher老师类
//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//
package com.nine.chat;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkTeacher {
public TalkTeacher() {
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws SocketException {
(new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888))).start();
(new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生"))).start();
}
}
1.8 URL
http://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析 www.baidu.com xxx.x…x…x
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
package com.nine.lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* @Author 韦浪
* @create 2020/10/30 21:29
*/
public class URLDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1、下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/nine/formal.txt");
//2、连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("formal.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
va
package com.nine.lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* @Author 韦浪
* @create 2020/10/30 21:29
*/
public class URLDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1、下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/nine/formal.txt");
//2、连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("formal.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}