TensorFlow学习（5）：CNN

1.传统神经网络问题

2.卷积操作

不同卷积核的表现

两种卷积操作

3.池化

两种池化操作

4.CNN结构

5.CNN的MNIST手写数字识别

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data

#载入数据
mnist=input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_data",one_hot=True)

#每个批次的大小
batch_size=100   #一次训练100张图
#计算共有多少批次
n_batch=mnist.train.num_examples//batch_size

#初始化权值
def weight_variable(shape):
    initial=tf.truncated_normal(shape,stddev=0.1)#生成一个截断的正态分布
    return tf.Variable(initial)

#初始化偏置值
def bias_variable(shape):
    initial=tf.constant(0.1,shape=shape)
    return tf.Variable(initial)

#卷积层
def conv2d(x,W):
    #x:输入形状 [batch,in_height, in_width, in_channels]
    #W filter:输入形状 [filter_height,filter_weight,in_channels,out_channels]
    #strides[0]=strides[3]=1,strides[1]=x方向步长，strides[2]=y方向步长
    #padding:"SAME"或"VALID"
    return tf.nn.conv2d(x,W,strides=[1,1,1,1],padding="SAME")

#池化层
def max_pool_2x2(x):
    #ksize=[1,x,y,1] 核大小
    return tf.nn.max_pool(x,ksize=[1,2,2,1],strides=[1,2,2,1],padding='SAME')

#定义两个placeholder
x=tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,784])
y=tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,10])

#改变x格式转为  x:输入形状 [batch,in_height, in_width, in_channels]  形式
x_image=tf.reshape(x,[-1,28,28,1])

#初始化第一个卷积层权值和偏置
W_conv1=weight_variable([5,5,1,32]) #5*5采样窗口，32个卷积核从1个平面抽取特征
b_conv1=bias_variable([32]) #每个卷积核一个偏置

#把x_image和权值向量进行卷积，再加上偏置，用relu激活函数
h_conv1=tf.nn.relu(conv2d(x_image,W_conv1)+b_conv1)
h_pool1=max_pool_2x2(h_conv1)#进行max_pooling

#初始化第二个卷积层权值和偏置
W_conv2=weight_variable([5,5,32,64]) #5*5采样窗口，64个卷积核从32个平面抽取特征
b_conv2=bias_variable([64]) #每个卷积核一个偏置

#把h_pool1和权值向量进行卷积，再加上偏置，用relu激活函数
h_conv2=tf.nn.relu(conv2d(h_pool1,W_conv2)+b_conv2)
h_pool2=max_pool_2x2(h_conv2)#进行max_pooling

#28*28的图片第一次卷积后为28*28  'SAME'补零， 第一次池化后为14*14，32个特征平面
#第二次卷积14*14的图片卷积后为14*14，第二次池化后为7*7  ,64个特征平面

#把池化层2的输出扁平化为1维
h_pool2_flat=tf.reshape(h_pool2,[-1,7*7*64])

#初始化第一个全连接层
W_fc1=weight_variable([7*7*64,1024])#上一层有7*7*64个神经元，全连接层有1024个神经元
b_fc1=bias_variable([1024]) #1024个

#求第一个全连接层输出
h_fc1=tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(h_pool2_flat,W_fc1)+b_fc1)

#用keep_prob表示神经元输出概率
keep_prob=tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
h_fc1_drop=tf.nn.dropout(h_fc1,keep_prob)

#初始化第二个全连接层
W_fc2=weight_variable([1024,10])
b_fc2=bias_variable([10]) 

#计算输出
prediction=tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(h_fc1_drop,W_fc2)+b_fc2)

#交叉熵代价函数
cross_entropy=tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y,logits=prediction))
#使用Adam优化
train_step=tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-4).minimize(cross_entropy)
#结果存放在布尔列表中
correct_prediction=tf.equal(tf.argmax(y,1),tf.argmax(prediction,1))
#求准确率
accuracy=tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction,tf.float32)) 

with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
    for epoch in range(21):                                                              
        for batch in range(n_batch):
            batch_xs,batch_ys=mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)     #取下一批次
            sess.run(train_step,feed_dict={x:batch_xs,y:batch_ys,keep_prob:0.7})

        acc=sess.run(accuracy,feed_dict={x:mnist.test.images,y:mnist.test.labels,keep_prob:1.0})
        print("Iter "+str(epoch)+" ,Testing Accuracy: "+str(acc))

输出结果（部分）

Iter 0 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.8724
Iter 1 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.9727
Iter 2 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.978
Iter 3 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.9823
Iter 4 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.9829
Iter 5 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.9839
Iter 6 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.9862
Iter 7 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.9877
Iter 8 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.9877
Iter 9 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.9882
Iter 10 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.9882
Iter 11 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.9894
Iter 12 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.9899
Iter 13 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.99
Iter 14 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.9895
Iter 15 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.9908
Iter 16 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.9901
Iter 17 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.9894
Iter 18 ,Testing Accuracy: 0.991