挂载

挂载

将一个划分好了的文件系统与根目录下的路径进行关联，进而使之能进行编辑使用，我们称之为挂载。

当一个我们新的设备上架需要挂载的时候我们理理操作的步骤如新加的一块硬盘：

1.我们首先给它进行划分分区格式，MBR,或GPT

2.我们进行分区的容量划分

3.划分好分区之后我们要把分区的信息和挂载点写入到配置文档里

4.这些都做好后我们需要通告内核加载新的分区信息

那么依次的步骤就是：

“`
1.分区
[root@CentOS6 ~]# gdisk /dev/sdb –分区命令
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10

Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.

Command (? for help): n 创建新分区
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1
First sector (34-419430366, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (2048-419430366, default = 419430366) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +10G
Current type is ‘Linux filesystem’
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300):
Changed type of partition to ‘Linux filesystem’
… 此处省略所建的其它分区信息，
Command (? for help): p 显示分区信息
Disk /dev/sdb: 419430400 sectors, 200.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 8BEDDA72-FA6A-4C40-AE45-B559B0871968
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 419430366
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 293601213 sectors (140.0 GiB)

Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 20973567 10.0 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem
2 20973568 41945087 10.0 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem
3 41945088 83888127 20.0 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem
4 83888128 125831167 20.0 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem

2.我们创建好了4个分区，接下来我们进行分区系统的格式化
[root@CentOS6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
655360 inodes, 2621440 blocks
131072 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560
80 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override
… 此处省略其它的划分
[root@CentOS6 ~]# blkid 查看分区信息
/dev/sda2: UUID=”17d0739b-d055-4263-8d7a-9baab4496bbe” TYPE=”ext4”
/dev/sda1: UUID=”38fd89b8-6de2-4a1e-8856-147774a5ae91” TYPE=”ext4”
/dev/sda3: UUID=”16c6b3bb-bdf9-4b5c-93fc-9b59fa6b25d2” TYPE=”ext4”
/dev/sda5: UUID=”574bcdeb-65ea-46d6-9de3-958e2bc16f37” TYPE=”swap”
/dev/sdb3: UUID=”71d4dee4-a54d-48ea-93f8-385c43677fc7” TYPE=”ext4”
/dev/sdb4: UUID=”5c16a65c-da2f-4b19-a0bc-56c83b30abca” TYPE=”ext4”
/dev/sdb1: UUID=”f88a73ba-da89-4e80-82fc-b0fd9d415737” TYPE=”ext4”
/dev/sdb2: UUID=”28d47f52-25f1-474b-8b4d-54b2c9020cab” TYPE=”ext4”
3.把划分的分区信息对应挂载点写入/etc/fstab文档中
[root@CentOS6 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
1
2 #
3 # /etc/fstab
4 # Created by anaconda on Sat Jul 15 03:23:30 2017
5 #
6 # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk’
7 # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
8 #
9 UUID=17d0739b-d055-4263-8d7a-9baab4496bbe / ext4 defaults 1 1
10 UUID=16c6b3bb-bdf9-4b5c-93fc-9b59fa6b25d2 /app ext4 defaults 1 2
11 UUID=38fd89b8-6de2-4a1e-8856-147774a5ae91 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
12 UUID=574bcdeb-65ea-46d6-9de3-958e2bc16f37 swap swap defaults 0 0
13 UUID=f88a73ba-da89-4e80-82fc-b0fd9d415737 /mnt/sdb1 ext4 defaults 0 0
14 UUID=28d47f52-25f1-474b-8b4d-54b2c9020cab /mnt/sdb2 ext4 defaults 0 0
15 UUID=71d4dee4-a54d-48ea-93f8-385c43677fc7 /mnt/sdb3 ext4 defaults 0 0
16 UUID=5c16a65c-da2f-4b19-a0bc-56c83b30abca /mnt/sdb4 ext4 defaults 0 0
17 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
18 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
19 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
20 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
4.通告内核进行加载挂载信息
[root@CentOS6 ~]# mount -a
[root@CentOS6 ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 51475068 8750756 40102872 18% /
tmpfs 953640 224 953416 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda3 50264772 79804 47624968 1% /app
/dev/sda1 999320 40008 906884 5% /boot
/dev/sr0 3878870 3878870 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.9_Final
/dev/sdb1 10190136 23028 9642820 1% /mnt/sdb1
/dev/sdb2 10190136 23028 9642820 1% /mnt/sdb2
/dev/sdb3 20511356 44992 19417788 1% /mnt/sdb3
/dev/sdb4 20511356 44992 19417788 1% /mnt/sdb4