stm32 usart的BRR寄存器的配置，程序是CMSIS中的，分析它是怎么实现的？（自己设置好波特率，库文件会根据波特率计算BRR的值，和以前STM8不一样，需要自己根据波特率计算BRR值再设置）

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-19 10:02:49 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-11-19 10:02:49 发布

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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44288260/article/details/85793432

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本文详细解析了STM32 USART模块BRR寄存器的配置过程，包括波特率计算公式和寄存器的具体设置方法。通过分析STM32F103库函数中的代码实现，帮助理解STM32串口通信的工作原理。

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stm32 usart的BRR寄存器的配置

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程序是CMSIS中的，分析它是怎么实现的？
波特率由整数和分数两部分组成。

RCC_GetClocksFreq(&RCC_ClocksStatus);
if (usartxbase == USART1_BASE)
{
apbclock = RCC_ClocksStatus.PCLK2_Frequency;
}
else
{
apbclock = RCC_ClocksStatus.PCLK1_Frequency;
}

以上公式是STM32F10系列，库函数中计算公式是

uint32_t USART_BaudRate; /*!< This member configures the USART communication baud rate.
The baud rate is computed using the following formula:
- IntegerDivider = ((PCLKx) / (16 * (USART_InitStruct->USART_BaudRate)))
- FractionalDivider = ((IntegerDivider - ((u32) IntegerDivider)) * 16) + 0.5 */

以下程序中用的公式类似STM32F207但是又对不上，其中有OVR8，STM32F103库函数串口初始化源文件也有OVR8，不是太懂2021.8.4

The baud rate is computed using the following formula:
- IntegerDivider = ((PCLKx) / (8 * (OVR8+1) * (USART_InitStruct->USART_BaudRate)))
- FractionalDivider = ((IntegerDivider - ((u32) IntegerDivider)) * 8 * (OVR8+1)) + 0.5
Where OVR8 is the "oversampling by 8 mode" configuration bit in the CR1 register. */

整数部分的实现
USARTDIV *100
eg:USARTDIV = 25.62
则计算得 integerdivider =2562

if ((USARTx->CR1 & CR1_OVER8_Set) != 0)
{
/* Integer part computing in case Oversampling mode is 8 Samples */
integerdivider = ((25 * apbclock) / (2 * (USART_InitStruct->USART_BaudRate)));
}
else /* if ((USARTx->CR1 & CR1_OVER8_Set) == 0) */
{
/* Integer part computing in case Oversampling mode is 16 Samples */
integerdivider = ((25 * apbclock) / (4 * (USART_InitStruct->USART_BaudRate)));
}

提取出25,并左移4位,左移是为了和低4位与操作
tmpreg = (integerdivider / 100) << 4;

提取出62
fractionaldivider = integerdivider - (100 * (tmpreg >> 4));
之后62/100*16,它可能是小数，要找到最接近的整数，此时加0.5
最后再与整数部分相与。

/* Implement the fractional part in the register */
if ((USARTx->CR1 & CR1_OVER8_Set) != 0)
{
tmpreg |= ((((fractionaldivider * 8) + 50) / 100)) & ((uint8_t)0x07);
}
else /* if ((USARTx->CR1 & CR1_OVER8_Set) == 0) */
{
tmpreg |= ((((fractionaldivider * 16) + 50) / 100)) & ((uint8_t)0x0F);
}

/* Write to USART BRR */
USARTx->BRR = (uint16_t)tmpreg;
————————————————

STM32F103库函数串口初始化源文件

/**
* @brief Initializes the USARTx peripheral according to the specified
* parameters in the USART_InitStruct .
* @param USARTx: Select the USART or the UART peripheral.
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4 or UART5.
* @param USART_InitStruct: pointer to a USART_InitTypeDef structure
* that contains the configuration information for the specified USART
* peripheral.
* @retval None
*/
void USART_Init(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, USART_InitTypeDef* USART_InitStruct)
{
uint32_t tmpreg = 0x00, apbclock = 0x00;
uint32_t integerdivider = 0x00;
uint32_t fractionaldivider = 0x00;
uint32_t usartxbase = 0;
RCC_ClocksTypeDef RCC_ClocksStatus;
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
assert_param(IS_USART_BAUDRATE(USART_InitStruct->USART_BaudRate));
assert_param(IS_USART_WORD_LENGTH(USART_InitStruct->USART_WordLength));
assert_param(IS_USART_STOPBITS(USART_InitStruct->USART_StopBits));
assert_param(IS_USART_PARITY(USART_InitStruct->USART_Parity));
assert_param(IS_USART_MODE(USART_InitStruct->USART_Mode));
assert_param(IS_USART_HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL(USART_InitStruct->USART_HardwareFlowControl));
/* The hardware flow control is available only for USART1, USART2 and USART3 */
if (USART_InitStruct->USART_HardwareFlowControl != USART_HardwareFlowControl_None)
{
assert_param(IS_USART_123_PERIPH(USARTx));
}

usartxbase = (uint32_t)USARTx;

/*---------------------------- USART CR2 Configuration -----------------------*/
tmpreg = USARTx->CR2;
/* Clear STOP[13:12] bits */
tmpreg &= CR2_STOP_CLEAR_Mask;
/* Configure the USART Stop Bits, Clock, CPOL, CPHA and LastBit ------------*/
/* Set STOP[13:12] bits according to USART_StopBits value */
tmpreg |= (uint32_t)USART_InitStruct->USART_StopBits;

/* Write to USART CR2 */
USARTx->CR2 = (uint16_t)tmpreg;

/*---------------------------- USART CR1 Configuration -----------------------*/
tmpreg = USARTx->CR1;
/* Clear M, PCE, PS, TE and RE bits */
tmpreg &= CR1_CLEAR_Mask;
/* Configure the USART Word Length, Parity and mode ----------------------- */
/* Set the M bits according to USART_WordLength value */
/* Set PCE and PS bits according to USART_Parity value */
/* Set TE and RE bits according to USART_Mode value */
tmpreg |= (uint32_t)USART_InitStruct->USART_WordLength | USART_InitStruct->USART_Parity |
USART_InitStruct->USART_Mode;
/* Write to USART CR1 */
USARTx->CR1 = (uint16_t)tmpreg;

/*---------------------------- USART CR3 Configuration -----------------------*/
tmpreg = USARTx->CR3;
/* Clear CTSE and RTSE bits */
tmpreg &= CR3_CLEAR_Mask;
/* Configure the USART HFC -------------------------------------------------*/
/* Set CTSE and RTSE bits according to USART_HardwareFlowControl value */
tmpreg |= USART_InitStruct->USART_HardwareFlowControl;
/* Write to USART CR3 */
USARTx->CR3 = (uint16_t)tmpreg;

/*---------------------------- USART BRR Configuration -----------------------*/
/* Configure the USART Baud Rate -------------------------------------------*/
RCC_GetClocksFreq(&RCC_ClocksStatus);
if (usartxbase == USART1_BASE)
{
apbclock = RCC_ClocksStatus.PCLK2_Frequency;
}
else
{
apbclock = RCC_ClocksStatus.PCLK1_Frequency;
}

/* Determine the integer part */
if ((USARTx->CR1 & CR1_OVER8_Set) != 0)
{
/* Integer part computing in case Oversampling mode is 8 Samples */
integerdivider = ((25 * apbclock) / (2 * (USART_InitStruct->USART_BaudRate)));
}
else /* if ((USARTx->CR1 & CR1_OVER8_Set) == 0) */
{
/* Integer part computing in case Oversampling mode is 16 Samples */
integerdivider = ((25 * apbclock) / (4 * (USART_InitStruct->USART_BaudRate)));
}
tmpreg = (integerdivider / 100) << 4;