壹.名词性从句
- 从属连词:that, if, whether, as if, as though。在从句中只起连接作用。
- 连接代词:what(whatever), which(whichever), who(whom, whose, whoever, whomever, whosever)。
- 连接副词:why, bacause, how(however), when(whenever), where(wherever)。
一.主语从句
说明
- 作用:从句在复合句中充当主语成分。这样的从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前,或由形式主语it代替而本身放在句子末尾。
- 人称:主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外,如例9。
- 时态:主语从句的时态不受主句的时态影响和限制。
- 注意:当what引导的名词性分句作主语时,主谓一致问题极为复杂,见周海中论文。
例子
- That she already have a BF makes me sad.
- Whether she love me remains unknown.
- What makes me love her is hard to explain.
- Whatever you do is right.
- Which girl will be my GF remains unknown.
- Who will be my GF remains unknown.
- Whom she love remains unknown.从句做主语,whom在从句中做宾语.
- How we get there hasn't beent decided.
形式主语it引导
- Is it true that he is the girl’s father?疑问句必需用形式主语it引导。
- It makes me sad (that) she already have a boyfriend.省略了that。
二.宾语从句
三.表语从句
四.同位语从句
贰.形容词性(定语)从句
叁.副词性(状语)从句
一.时间状语从句
二.地点状语从句
三.条件状语从句
四.原因状语从句
五.让步状语从句
六.结果状语从句
七.目的状语从句
八.方式状语从句
九.比较状语从句
肆.形容词性(定语)从句和同位语从句
一.定语从句的关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分,关系代词在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等,关系副词在从句中用作状语;引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份。