[Android][Fragment]初识Fragment

Fragment
1、Fragment具有生命周期，而且受到它所在的宿主Activity的生命周期的影响。

2、Fragment必须委托在activity中运行。

3、Fragments可以接收它自己的事件

4、一个Fragment可以放在多个Activity中，一个Activity中也可以放置多个Fragments

Fragment生命周期

1. 打开界面:onCreate() -> onCreateView() -> onActivityCreated() -> onStart() -> onResume()
2. 按下主屏幕:onPause() -> onStop()
3. 重新打开界面:onStart() -> onResume()
4. 按后退键:onPause() -> onStop() -> onDestroyView() -> onDestroy() -> onDetach()
5. 可见 -> 不可见：onPause() -> onStop() -> onDestroyView()
6. 不可见 -> 可见：onCreateView() -> onActivityCreated() -> onStart() -> onResume()

Fragment简单使用

Fragment1.class:

public class BlankFragment1 extends Fragment {
    private View root;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        if(root == null){
            root =              inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_blank_fragment1,container,false);
        }
        return root;
    }
}

src.main.res.layout.acyivity_main.xml添加

<FrameLayout
    android:id="@+id/framelayout"
    android:name="com.example.administrator.project_fragment.BlankFragment1"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"/>

Fragment动态添加

1、创建一个待处理的fragment。

2、获取FragmentManager。一般都是通过getSupportFragmentManager()或者getFragmentManager()获取。

3、开启一个事务transaction，一般调用fragmentManager里的beginTransaction(

4、使用transaction进行fragment的替换

5、提交事务

private void changeFragment(Fragment fragment){
    FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
    FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
    transaction.replace(R.id.framelayout,fragment);
    transaction.commit();
}

Activity与Fragment的通信

1、Bundle

Main.class

Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("msg","hello world");
BlankFragment2 fragment2 = new BlankFragment2();
fragment2.setArguments(bundle);

Fragment1.class:

Bundle bundle = getArguments();
textView.setText(bundle.getString("msg"));

2、interface接口  

Fragment1.class:

public interface OnFragmentListener{
    void onReturn(String text);
    String getMsg();
}

if(listener!=null){
    textview.setText(listener.getMsg());
}

Main.class

BlankFragment1 fragment3 = new BlankFragment1(new BlankFragment1.OnFragmentListener(){

    @Override
    public void onReturn(String text) {
        
    }

    @Override
    public String getMsg() {
        return "this is BlankFragment1";
    }
} );