新服务器の周辺

之前写了一篇配置ssh的ssh登录服务器，就只是讲了ssh配置部分，但是还有其他的一些细节没有讲，下面就一步步展开，用一个新装好的ubuntu server16.04作为例子。

1.检查时间

①date查看服务器时间是否正确
②配置时区 dpkg-reconfigure tzdata，可以写进去/etc/timezone，再看看时间，如果不对的话可以用date -s 校正
③配置ntp服务器
sudo apt-get install ntp ntpdate
1.ntp是一个守护进程，配置文件是/etc/ntp.conf,下面是我的配置，配置好以后sudo service ntp restart重启一下服务就好了

# /etc/ntp.conf, configuration for ntpd; see ntp.conf(5) for help

driftfile /var/lib/ntp/ntp.drift

# Enable this if you want statistics to be logged.
statsdir /var/log/ntpstats/

statistics loopstats peerstats clockstats
filegen loopstats file loopstats type day enable
filegen peerstats file peerstats type day enable
filegen clockstats file clockstats type day enable

# Specify one or more NTP servers.

# Use servers from the NTP Pool Project. Approved by Ubuntu Technical Board
# on 2011-02-08 (LP: #104525). See http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html for
# more information.
#pool 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst
#pool 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst
#pool 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst
#pool 3.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst

server 202.120.2.101 prefer #上海交大网络中心
server 202.112.10.60  #北京邮电大学
server cn.ntp.org.cn


# Use Ubuntu's ntp server as a fallback.
#pool ntp.ubuntu.com

# Access control configuration; see /usr/share/doc/ntp-doc/html/accopt.html for
# details.  The web page <http://support.ntp.org/bin/view/Support/AccessRestrictions>
# might also be helpful.
#
# Note that "restrict" applies to both servers and clients, so a configuration
# that might be intended to block requests from certain clients could also end
# up blocking replies from your own upstream servers.

# By default, exchange time with everybody, but don't allow configuration.
restrict -4 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery limited
restrict -6 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery limited

# Local users may interrogate the ntp server more closely.
restrict 127.0.0.1
restrict ::1

# Needed for adding pool entries
restrict source notrap nomodify noquery

# Clients from this (example!) subnet have unlimited access, but only if
# cryptographically authenticated.
#restrict 192.168.123.0 mask 255.255.255.0 notrust


# If you want to provide time to your local subnet, change the next line.
# (Again, the address is an example only.)
#broadcast 192.168.123.255

# If you want to listen to time broadcasts on your local subnet, de-comment the
# next lines.  Please do this only if you trust everybody on the network!
#disable auth
#broadcastclient

#Changes recquired to use pps synchonisation as explained in documentation:
#http://www.ntp.org/ntpfaq/NTP-s-config-adv.htm#AEN3918

#server 127.127.8.1 mode 135 prefer    # Meinberg GPS167 with PPS
#fudge 127.127.8.1 time1 0.0042        # relative to PPS for my hardware

#server 127.127.22.1                   # ATOM(PPS)
#fudge 127.127.22.1 flag3 1            # enable PPS API

2.如果想直接马上同步时间则是用ntpdate

#同步上海交大ntp服务器ip
ntpdate 202.120.2.101  
ntpdate命令是要在ntp进程退出的情况下执行，如果执行上述命令出错，那么请先关闭ntp进程

2.语系

1.locale查看现在的语系
2.locale -a 查看所有可用语系
2.重新设定语系(zh_CN.UTF-8，或者en_US.utf8)
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

3.配置ssh

不废话了，看这篇专门的==>ssh登录服务器

4.检查dns解析服务器配置

ping 一下一些比如百度的一些大网站(不太可能挂掉的)，如果不能正常ping通的话，请检查vim /etc/resolv.conf 是否正确配置，不然如果这里域名解析出问题，下面用apt安装和更新软件也会出问题的

5.一些服务器必备软件

之前有写过当Kali Rolling作为笔记本唯一一个系统，这个是桌面版的推荐软件，而服务器的话就不需要太多

①配置更新源/etc/apt/sources.list[服务器和桌面版的好像用同一个源都可以]

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo/ ubuntu-xenial main
# deb-src https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo/ ubuntu-xenial main

②更新列表，这个可能需要比较久的时间

sudo apt-get update 

③安装vim来修改一些系统配置文件是很方便的，而对于一些需要长时间运行的进程而言，tmux也是十分必要的，比如等下的upgrade和dist-upgrade升级软件和系统就非常耗时，因为往往你所下载就算是官方的镜像，离现在最新的软件版本还是有段距离，所以vim和tmux是每个服务器必备的！

sudo apt-get install vim tmux

④更新已经下载软件和系统(最好先打开tmux，关于tmux的使用，建议花点时间到网上学学，后面会很方便的)

sudo apt-get -y upgrade && sudo apt-get -y dist-upgrade

⑤之后再安装你要的软件，比如LAMP，比如JavaEE的一些软件，再比如python，python-pip还有一些框架，这里就根据不同需求有了分化，就不一一展开了