类型最大值和最小值
64位系统:
#include <iostream>
#include <climits>
#include <cfloat>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
cout<<"Maximum values:"<<endl;
cout<<"char: "<<CHAR_MAX<<endl;
cout<<"unsigned char: "<<UCHAR_MAX<<endl;
cout<<"int: "<<INT_MAX<<endl;
cout<<"unsigned int: "<<UINT_MAX<<endl;
cout<<"short: "<<SHRT_MAX<<endl;
cout<<"unsigned short: "<<USHRT_MAX<<endl;
cout<<"long: "<<LONG_MAX<<endl;
cout<<"unsigned long: "<<ULONG_MAX<<endl;
cout<<"long long: "<<LLONG_MAX<<endl;
cout<<"unsigned long long: "<<ULLONG_MAX<<endl;
cout << "float: " << fixed << FLT_MAX << endl;
cout << "double: " << fixed << DBL_MAX << endl << endl;
cout<<"Minimun values:"<<endl;
cout<<"char="<<CHAR_MIN<<endl;
cout<<"short="<<SHRT_MIN<<endl;
cout<<"int="<<INT_MIN<<endl;
cout<<"long="<<LONG_MIN<<endl;
cout<<"long long="<<LONG_LONG_MIN<<endl;
cout.precision(50);
cout << "positive float: " << fixed << FLT_MIN << endl;
cout << "positive double: " << fixed << DBL_MIN << endl;
cout << defaultfloat;
float t = FLT_MAX * (-1);
cout <<"float: "<< t << endl;
}
输出:
Maximum values:
char: 127
unsigned char: 255
int: 2147483647
unsigned int: 4294967295
short: 32767
unsigned short: 65535
long: 9223372036854775807
unsigned long: 18446744073709551615
long long: 9223372036854775807
unsigned long long: 18446744073709551615
float: 340282346638528859811704183484516925440.000000
double: 179769313486231570814527423731704356798070567525844996598917476803157260780028538760589558632766878171540458953514382464234321326889464182768467546703537516986049910576551282076245490090389328944075868508455133942304583236903222948165808559332123348274797826204144723168738177180919299881250404026184124858368.000000
Minimun values:
char=-128
short=-32768
int=-2147483648
long=-9223372036854775808
long long=-9223372036854775808
positive float: 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000001175494350822
positive double: 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
float: -340282346638528859811704183484516925440
数值与字符串之间的转换
#include <iostream>
#include <cfloat>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
float t = FLT_MAX * (-1);
cout <<"float:" <<t << endl;
string s1 = to_string(t);
cout << "float to string:"<<s1 << endl;
string s2 = "-123.1231";
cout << "string to float:" << stof(s2) << endl;
string s3 = "+3892.123";
cout << "string to int:"<<stoi(s3) << endl;
}
输出:
float:-3.40282e+38
float to string:-340282346638528859811704183484516925440.000000
string to float:-123.123
string to int:3892
随机数
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
int main(){
int i = 0;
srand((unsigned int)time(0)); //随机初始化种子
while(i < 100)
{
float t = 255* (float)rand()/RAND_MAX; // 产生0-255之间的浮点随机数
cout << t << " ";
i++;
}
return 0;
}
分割字符串
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
string line("test;;test2;test3;");
vector<string> strs;
boost::split(strs,line,boost::is_any_of(";"));
for(auto c:strs)
cout << c << endl;
}
输出:
test
test2
test3
替换文件的指定字符
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
void str_replace(string & s,string & src,string & dst)
{
string::size_type pos = 0;
while((pos = s.find(src,pos)) != string::npos)
{
s.replace(pos,src.size(),dst);
pos += dst.size();
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
ifstream in("test.txt",ios::in);
if(!in.is_open())
return -1;
string t;
string t_src= ";";
string t_dst= " ";
vector<string> t_save;
while(getline(in,t))
{
str_replace(t,t_src,t_dst);
t_save.push_back(t);
}
in.close();
ofstream out("test.txt",ios::out);
for(auto & c: t_save)
out << c << endl;
out.close();
}
输入:test.txt
123;ljljk;123
输出:test.txt
123 ljljk 123
文件夹遍历
C++和C都可以利用dirent来编译文件夹。但是要注意的是,在linux下,不能用_finddata_t这个结构体来遍历文件夹,_finddata_t定义在io.h中,然而这个结构体是windows所特有的,linux下面的io.h并没有_finddata_t的定义。因此,在linux下面调用必然会出错:error: aggregate ‘*********’ has incomplete type and cannot be defined.
#include <iostream>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <cstring>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
using namespace std;
void readdir(string path,int is_recursive = 0)
{
DIR * dir= NULL;
struct dirent * ptr = NULL;
struct stat statbuf;
if((dir = opendir(path.c_str())) == NULL)
return ;
chdir(path.c_str());
while((ptr = readdir(dir)) !=NULL)
{
lstat(ptr->d_name,&statbuf);
if(S_IFDIR & statbuf.st_mode)
{
if(is_recursive)
{
if(strcmp(ptr->d_name,".") == 0 || strcmp(ptr->d_name,"..") == 0)
continue;
readdir(ptr->d_name);
}
}
else{
cout << "file:" << ptr->d_name << endl;
}
}
chdir("..");
}
int main()
{
readdir("11/",0);
}