计算机图形学——OpenGL渲染基础架构二之着色器的使用

计算机图形学——OpenGL渲染基础架构二之着色器的使用

1、使用步骤

• 1.把着色器写到文本文件中，以便在程序中读取调用shader.vert;shader.fragment
• 2.用读文件的方式把两个着色器中的代码读到字符串中
• 3.新建shader对象，判断创建是否成功glCreateShader()
• 4.将着色器字符串关联到shader对象glShaderSource()
• 5.编译着色器对象，判断编译是否成功，如果不成功，输出错误日志glCompileShader()
• 6.创建着色器程序，判断是否创建成功glCreateProgram()
• 7.关联着色器对象和着色器程序glAttachShader()
• 8.链接着色器程序，判断链接是否成功glLinkProgram()
• 9.使用着色器程序 即让着色器在主程序运行过程中发挥作用glUseProgram()

2、使用实例：

Shade.h写成通用的使用的时候直接导入头文件就行

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <glew.h>
GLuint loadShaders(const GLchar *vertex_shader_file, const GLchar *fragment_shader_file) {

    GLuint vertexShaderID = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    GLuint fragmentShaderID = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);

    std::string vertexShaderCode;
    std::ifstream vertexShaderStream(vertex_shader_file, std::ios::in);
    if (vertexShaderStream.is_open()) {
        std::string line = "";
        while (getline(vertexShaderStream, line))
            vertexShaderCode += "\n" + line;
        vertexShaderStream.close();
    } else {
        std::cerr << "Failed to open vertex shader source file." << vertex_shader_file << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }

    std::string fragmentShaderCode;
    std::ifstream fragmentShaderStream(fragment_shader_file, std::ios::in);
    if (fragmentShaderStream.is_open()) {
        std::string line = "";
        while (getline(fragmentShaderStream, line))
            fragmentShaderCode += "\n" + line;
        fragmentShaderStream.close();
    } else {
        std::cerr << "Failed to open fragment shader source file." << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }

    GLint result = GL_FALSE;
    GLint infoLogLength;

    const GLchar *vertexSource = vertexShaderCode.c_str();
    glShaderSource(vertexShaderID, 1, &vertexSource, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(vertexShaderID);

    glGetShaderiv(vertexShaderID, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &result);
    glGetShaderiv(vertexShaderID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &infoLogLength);
    if (infoLogLength > 0) {
        std::cout << "VertexShader Error Message:" << std::endl;
        GLchar *vertexShaderErrorMessage = new GLchar[infoLogLength + 1];
        glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShaderID, infoLogLength, nullptr, vertexShaderErrorMessage);
        std::cout << vertexShaderErrorMessage << std::endl;
        delete [] vertexShaderErrorMessage;
    }

    if (!result) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to compile vertex shader." << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }

    const GLchar *fragmentSource = fragmentShaderCode.c_str();
    glShaderSource(fragmentShaderID, 1, &fragmentSource, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShaderID);

    glGetShaderiv(fragmentShaderID, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &result);
    glGetShaderiv(fragmentShaderID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &infoLogLength);
    if (infoLogLength > 0) {
        std::cout << "FragmentShader Error Message:" << std::endl;
        GLchar *fragmentShaderErrorMessage = new GLchar[infoLogLength + 1];
        glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShaderID, infoLogLength, nullptr, fragmentShaderErrorMessage);
        std::cout << fragmentShaderErrorMessage << std::endl;
        delete [] fragmentShaderErrorMessage;
    }

    if (!result) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to compile fragment shader." << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }

    GLuint programID = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(programID, vertexShaderID);
    glAttachShader(programID, fragmentShaderID);
    glLinkProgram(programID);

    glGetProgramiv(programID, GL_LINK_STATUS, &result);
    glGetProgramiv(programID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &infoLogLength);
    if (infoLogLength > 0) {
        std::cout << "Program Error Message:" << std::endl;
        GLchar *programErrorMessage = new GLchar[infoLogLength + 1];
        glGetProgramInfoLog(programID, infoLogLength, nullptr, programErrorMessage);
        std::cout << programErrorMessage << std::endl;
        delete [] programErrorMessage;
    }

    if (!result) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to link program." << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }

    glDetachShader(programID, vertexShaderID);
    glDetachShader(programID, fragmentShaderID);

    glDeleteShader(vertexShaderID);
    glDeleteShader(fragmentShaderID);

    return programID;
}

// 包含着色器加载库
#include "shader.h"
#include <GL/glut.h>
void draw(){
	//生成一个VAO
	GLuint VertexArrayID;  
	glGenVertexArrays(1,&VertexArrayID);  
	glBindVertexArray(VertexArrayID); 
	//顶点信息
float positionData[]= {  
    -0.6f, -0.6f, 0.0f,  
    0.6f, -0.6f, 0.0f,  
    0.6f, 0.6f, 0.0f };  
	GLuint vertexbuffer;  
   
	// Generate 1 buffer,put the resulting identifier in vertexbuffer  
	glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer);  
	// The followingcommands will talk about our 'vertexbuffer' buffer  
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,vertexbuffer);  
	// Give our verticesto OpenGL.  
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(positionData), positionData, GL_STATIC_DRAW); 
	
	//颜色信息
	float colorData[] = {  
    1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,  
    0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,  
    0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };  
	// This will identifyour vertex buffer  
	GLuint colorbuffer;  
   
	// Generate 1 buffer,put the resulting identifier in vertexbuffer  
	glGenBuffers(1,&colorbuffer);  
	// The followingcommands will talk about our 'vertexbuffer' buffer  
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,colorbuffer);  
   
	// Give our verticesto OpenGL.  
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(colorData), colorData, GL_STATIC_DRAW);  

	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);  
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,vertexbuffer);  
	glVertexAttribPointer(  
	   0,                  // attribute 0. No particularreason for 0, but must match the layout in the shader.  
	   3,                  // size  
	   GL_FLOAT,           // type  
	   GL_FALSE,          // normalized?  
	   0,                  // stride  
	   (void*)0            // array buffer offset  
	);  
	// 2cond attributebuffer : vertices  
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);  
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,colorbuffer);  
	glVertexAttribPointer(  
	   1,                  // attribute 1. No particularreason for 0, but must match the layout in the shader.  
	   3,                  // size  
	   GL_FLOAT,           // type  
	   GL_FALSE,           // normalized?  
	   0,                  // stride  
	   (void*)0            // array buffer offset  
	);  
	glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES,0, 3 );
}
void mydisplay(){
	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); //清空颜色和深度缓冲
	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
	// 创建透视效果视图
	glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);//对投影矩阵操作
	glLoadIdentity();//将坐标原点移到中心
	gluPerspective(90.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 20.0f);//设置透视投影矩阵
	glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);//对模型视景矩阵操作
	glLoadIdentity();
	gluLookAt(0.0, 5.0, -10.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);//视点转换
	GLuint programID = loadShaders("F:\\大三下课程\\Computer Graphic\\Shader\\ColorArrays.vertexshader", "F:\\大三下课程\\Computer Graphic\\Shader\\ColorArrays.fragmentshader");
	glUseProgram(programID);
	draw();
	glFlush();
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	glewInit();
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_SINGLE);
    glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
    glutInitWindowSize(600, 600);
    glutCreateWindow("HelloShader");
	glewInit(); 
    glutDisplayFunc(&mydisplay);
    glutMainLoop();
    return 0;
}

   顶点着色器文件：

#version 400  
layout(location = 0)in vec3 VertexPosition;  
layout(location = 1)in vec3 VertexColor;  
out vec3 Color;  
void main()  
{  
    Color = VertexColor;  
gl_Position = vec4(VertexPosition,1.0); }

片段着色器：

#version 400  
in vec3 Color;  
out vec4 FragColor;  
void main() {  
    FragColor = vec4(Color, 1.0);  
}