For any 4-digit integer except the ones with all the digits being the same, if we sort the digits in non-increasing order first, and then in non-decreasing order, a new number can be obtained by taking the second number from the first one. Repeat in this manner we will soon end up at the number 6174
-- the black hole of 4-digit numbers. This number is named Kaprekar Constant.
For example, start from 6767
, we'll get:
7766 - 6677 = 1089
9810 - 0189 = 9621
9621 - 1269 = 8352
8532 - 2358 = 6174
7641 - 1467 = 6174
... ...
Given any 4-digit number, you are supposed to illustrate the way it gets into the black hole.
Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case which gives a positive integer N in the range (0,104).
Output Specification:
If all the 4 digits of N are the same, print in one line the equation N - N = 0000
. Else print each step of calculation in a line until 6174
comes out as the difference. All the numbers must be printed as 4-digit numbers.
Sample Input 1:
6767
Sample Output 1:
7766 - 6677 = 1089
9810 - 0189 = 9621
9621 - 1269 = 8352
8532 - 2358 = 6174
Sample Input 2:
2222
Sample Output 2:
2222 - 2222 = 0000
解答:
方法一是使用数字转数组,数组转数字去做。方法二是转化字符串去做。
//方法一
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
bool cmp(int a,int b){
return a>b;
}
void to_array(int n,int num[]){
for(int i = 0;i<4;i++){
num[i] = n%10;
n/=10;
}
}
int to_number(int num[]){
int sum = 0;
for(int i = 0;i<4;i++){
sum = sum*10+num[i];
}
return sum;
}
int main(){
int n,min,max;
cin>>n;
int num[5];
while(1){
to_array(n,num);
sort(num,num+4);
min = to_number(num);
sort(num,num+4,cmp);
max = to_number(num);
n=max-min;
printf("%04d - %04d = %04d\n",max,min,n);
if(n==0||n==6174) break;
}
return 0;
}
//方法二
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
bool cmp(char a, char b){ return a > b; }
int main(){
string s;
cin >> s;
s.insert(0, 4 - s.length(), '0');
do{
string a = s, b = s;
sort(a.begin(), a.end(), cmp);
sort(b.begin(), b.end());
int result = stoi(a) - stoi(b);
s = to_string(result);
s.insert(0, 4 - s.length(), '0');//在0处插入4-s.length()个字符'0'
cout << a << " - " << b << " = " << s << endl;
} while (s != "6174" && s != "0000");
return 0;
}