python实现离散余弦变换（Discrete Cosine Transform, DCT）进行图片水印嵌入和提取水印

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib

# 设置matplotlib的字体为SimHei，支持中文显示
matplotlib.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'
matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 或者其他支持中文的字体
matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 用来正常显示负号


def dct2(a):
    return cv2.dct(a.astype(np.float32))


def idct2(a):
    return cv2.idct(a.astype(np.float32))


def add_watermark_dct(image_path, watermark_path):
    # 读取原始图像和水印图像
    image = cv2.imread(image_path, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
    watermark = cv2.imread(watermark_path, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
    watermark = cv2.resize(watermark, (image.shape[1], image.shape[0]))

    # 将原始图像和水印图像转换到频域（DCT）
    dct_image = dct2(image)
    dct_watermark = dct2(watermark)

    # 嵌入水印
    alpha = 0.05  # 水印强度因子
    dct_image_wm = dct_image + alpha * dct_watermark

    # 将嵌入水印后的频域表示转换回空间域
    img_back = idct2(dct_image_wm)

    # 提取水印
    dct_extracted = dct_image_wm - dct_image
    watermark_extracted = idct2(dct_extracted / alpha)

    # 显示图像
    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
    plt.subplot(221), plt.imshow(image, cmap='gray'), plt.title('原图')
    plt.subplot(222), plt.imshow(watermark, cmap='gray'), plt.title('水印')
    plt.subplot(223), plt.imshow(img_back, cmap='gray'), plt.title('嵌入后图像')
    plt.subplot(224), plt.imshow(watermark_extracted, cmap='gray'), plt.title('提取出水印')
    plt.show()
    #  保存嵌入水印后的图片和提取出的水印图片
    cv2.imwrite(r'c:\picture\peppers\watermarked_peppers_DCT.png', img_back)
    cv2.imwrite(r'c:\picture\peppers\extracted_watermark_peppers_DCT.png', watermark_extracted)


# 使用示例
add_watermark_dct(r'c:\picture\peppers\peppers.bmp', r'c:\picture\Logistic\Logistic.png')
#baboo256.BMP house2 peppers