linux 设备有对时需求时,可用的操作
一、采用指令,适合脚本方式
1、ntpdate
ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com
此指令如果设备没网或者服务器没响应,超时等待相对较久;
在代码用 system 调用时,没有结果返回,无法知道成功还是失败;
2、sntp
sntp -S ntp.aliyun.com
此指令超时响应会比 ntpdate 短;
在代码用 system 调用会有结果返回,0为成功,其他值为失败;
二、c语言代码实现,适合应用方式
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include<iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include<sys/time.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <endian.h>
#define VERSION_3 3
#define VERSION_4 4
#define MODE_CLIENT 3
#define MODE_SERVER 4
#define NTP_LI 0
#define NTP_VN VERSION_3
#define NTP_MODE MODE_CLIENT
#define NTP_STRATUM 0
#define NTP_POLL 4
#define NTP_PRECISION -6
#define NTP_HLEN 48
#define NTP_PORT 123
#define NTP_SERVER "182.92.12.11"
#define TIMEOUT 10
#define BUFSIZE 1500
#define JAN_1970 0x83aa7e80
#define NTP_CONV_FRAC32(x) (uint64_t) ((x) * ((uint64_t)1<<32))
#define NTP_REVE_FRAC32(x) ((double) ((double) (x) / ((uint64_t)1<<32)))
#define NTP_CONV_FRAC16(x) (uint32_t) ((x) * ((uint32_t)1<<16))
#define NTP_REVE_FRAC16(x) ((double)((double) (x) / ((uint32_t)1<<16)))
#define USEC2FRAC(x) ((uint32_t) NTP_CONV_FRAC32( (x) / 1000000.0 ))
#define FRAC2USEC(x) ((uint32_t) NTP_REVE_FRAC32( (x) * 1000000.0 ))
#define NTP_LFIXED2DOUBLE(x) ((double) ( ntohl(((struct l_fixedpt *) (x))->intpart) - JAN_1970 + FRAC2USEC(ntohl(((struct l_fixedpt *) (x))->fracpart)) / 1000000.0 ))
using namespace std;
struct s_fixedpt {
uint16_t intpart;
uint16_t fracpart;
};
struct l_fixedpt {
uint32_t intpart;
uint32_t fracpart;
};
struct ntphdr {
#if __BYTE_ORDER == __BID_ENDIAN
unsigned int ntp_li:2;
unsigned int ntp_vn:3;
unsigned int ntp_mode:3;
#endif
#if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
unsigned int ntp_mode:3;
unsigned int ntp_vn:3;
unsigned int ntp_li:2;
#endif
uint8_t ntp_stratum;
uint8_t ntp_poll;
int8_t ntp_precision;
struct s_fixedpt ntp_rtdelay;
struct s_fixedpt ntp_rtdispersion;
uint32_t ntp_refid;
struct l_fixedpt ntp_refts;
struct l_fixedpt ntp_orits;
struct l_fixedpt ntp_recvts;
struct l_fixedpt ntp_transts;
};
in_addr_t inet_host(const char *host)
{
in_addr_t saddr;
struct hostent *hostent;
if ((saddr = inet_addr(host)) == INADDR_NONE) {
if ((hostent = gethostbyname(host)) == NULL)
return INADDR_NONE;
memmove(&saddr, hostent->h_addr, hostent->h_length);
}
return saddr;
}
int get_ntp_packet(void *buf, size_t *size) //构建并发送NTP请求报文
{
struct ntphdr *ntp;
struct timeval tv;
if (!size || *size<NTP_HLEN)
return -1;
memset(buf, 0, *size);
ntp = (struct ntphdr *) buf;
ntp->ntp_li = NTP_LI;
ntp->ntp_vn = NTP_VN;
ntp->ntp_mode = NTP_MODE;
ntp->ntp_stratum = NTP_STRATUM;
ntp->ntp_poll = NTP_POLL;
ntp->ntp_precision = NTP_PRECISION;
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); //把目前的时间用tv 结构体返回
ntp->ntp_transts.intpart = htonl(tv.tv_sec + JAN_1970);
ntp->ntp_transts.fracpart = htonl(USEC2FRAC(tv.tv_usec));
*size = NTP_HLEN;
return 0;
}
double get_rrt(const struct ntphdr *ntp, const struct timeval *recvtv) //往返时延
{
double t1, t2, t3, t4;
t1 = NTP_LFIXED2DOUBLE(&ntp->ntp_orits);
t2 = NTP_LFIXED2DOUBLE(&ntp->ntp_recvts);
t3 = NTP_LFIXED2DOUBLE(&ntp->ntp_transts);
t4 = recvtv->tv_sec + recvtv->tv_usec / 1000000.0;
return (t4 - t1) - (t3 - t2);
}
double get_offset(const struct ntphdr *ntp, const struct timeval *recvtv) //偏移量
{
double t1, t2, t3, t4;
t1 = NTP_LFIXED2DOUBLE(&ntp->ntp_orits);
t2 = NTP_LFIXED2DOUBLE(&ntp->ntp_recvts);
t3 = NTP_LFIXED2DOUBLE(&ntp->ntp_transts);
t4 = recvtv->tv_sec + recvtv->tv_usec / 1000000.0;
return ((t2 - t1) + (t3 - t4)) / 2;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int ret = -1;
char dateBuf[64] = {0};
char cmd[128] = {0};
tm* local;
char buf[BUFSIZE];
size_t len;
int sockfd, maxfd1;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
fd_set readfds;
struct timeval timeout, recvtv, tv;
double offset;
//获取域名的ip
int i;
char ntp_buf[3][50] = {"ntp.aliyun.com", "ntp1.aliyun.com", "ntp2.aliyun.com"};
struct hostent *ntp_he[3];
for (i=0; i<3; i++) {
if ((ntp_he[i] = gethostbyname(ntp_buf[i])) != NULL) {
printf("%d:%s, %s:%s\n", i, ntp_buf[i], ntp_he[i]->h_name, inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr*)ntp_he[i]->h_addr_list[0]));
}
}
i = 0;
while(1) {
i++;
if (i >= 3)
break;
//无效域名跳过
if (ntp_he[i] != NULL)
continue;
//连接时间服务器
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(NTP_PORT);
servaddr.sin_addr = *(struct in_addr*)ntp_he[i]->h_addr_list[0];
if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
printf("socket error\n");
continue;
}
if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) != 0) {
printf("connect %s error\n", ntp_buf[i]);
close(sockfd);
continue;
}
//发送NTP请求报文
len = sizeof(buf);
if (get_ntp_packet(buf, &len) != 0) {
printf("get_ntp_packet error\n");
close(sockfd);
continue;
}
send(sockfd, buf, len, 0);
timeout.tv_sec = TIMEOUT;
timeout.tv_usec = 0;
if (0 > setsockopt(sockfd,SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (char *)&timeout, sizeof(timeout)))
{
printf("setsockopt recv timeout error:%d\n", errno);
close(sockfd);
continue;
}
if ((len = recv(sockfd, buf, BUFSIZE, 0)) < 0)
{
printf("recv error\n");
close(sockfd);
continue;
}
close(sockfd);
//计算C/S时间偏移量
gettimeofday(&recvtv, NULL);
offset = get_offset((struct ntphdr *) buf, &recvtv);
更新系统时间
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
tv.tv_sec += (int) offset;
tv.tv_usec += offset - (int) offset;
local = localtime((time_t *) &tv.tv_sec);
strftime(dateBuf, 64, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", local);
sprintf(cmd, "date -s \"%s\"", dateBuf);
// printf("%s\n", cmd);
system(cmd);
printf("%s \n", ctime((time_t *) &tv.tv_sec));
break;
}
return 0;
}