小甲鱼-C++快速入门笔记(12)之传值、传址和传引用

传值、传址和传引用

1、传值方式

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void changeAge(int age, int newage);

int main()
{
	int age = 24;
	cout << "My age is " << age << endl;

	changeAge(age, age+1);
	cout << "Now my age is " << age << endl;

	return 0;
}

void changeAge(int age, int newage)
{
	age = newage;
	cout << "In this, my age is " << age << endl;
}

2、传址方式

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void changeAge(int *age, int newage);

int main()
{
	int age = 24;
	cout << "My age is " << age << endl;

	changeAge(&age, age+1);
	cout << "Now my age is " << age << endl;

	return 0;
}

void changeAge(int *age, int newage)
{
	*age = newage;
	cout << "In this, my age is " << *age << endl;
}

练习：
 

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void swap(int *x, int *y);

int main()
{
	int x, y;
	cout << "请输入两个不同的值:  ";
	cin >> x >> y;

	swap(&x, &y);

	cout << "转换后输出: " << x << ' ' << y << endl;

	return 0;
}

void swap(int *x, int *y)
{
	int temp;
	temp = *x;
	*x = *y;
	*y = temp;
}

思考：

另外一种不需要中介的互换方案：

采用异或操作

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void swap(int *x, int *y);

int main()
{
	int x, y;
	cout << "请输入两个不同的值:  ";
	cin >> x >> y;

	swap(&x, &y);

	cout << "转换后输出: " << x << ' ' << y << endl;

	return 0;
}

void swap(int *x, int *y)
{
	//采用异或操作
	*x ^= *y;
	*y ^= *x;
	*x ^= *y;
}

异或可以用于交换两个数举例：

例如x和y转换成二进制后分别为10110和11011

那么

x = x^y = (10110)^(11011) = 01101

y = y^x = (11011)^(01101) = 10110

x = x^y = (01101)^(10110) = 11011

因此达到交换的目的

 

3、引用传递

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void swap(int &x, int &y);

int main()
{
	int x, y;
	cout << "请输入两个不同的值:  ";
	cin >> x >> y;

	swap(x, y);

	cout << "转换后输出: " << x << ' ' << y << endl;

	return 0;
}

void swap(int &x, int &y)
{
	int temp;
	temp = x;
	x = y;
	y = temp;
}

注意传址传递和引用传递的区别:感觉传址传递是交换的地址中的值,而引用传递是交换地址.