小甲鱼-C++快速入门笔记(38)之高级强制类型转换

1、静态对象强制类型转换

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Company
{
public:
	Company(string theName, string product);
	virtual void printInfo();

protected:
	string name;
	string product;
};

class TechCompany:public Company
{
public:
	TechCompany(string theName, string product);
	virtual void printInfo();
};

Company::Company(string theName, string product)
{
	name = theName;
	this -> product = product;
}

void Company::printInfo()
{
	cout << "这个公司的名字叫: " << name <<
		"正在生产" << product << "\n";
}

TechCompany::TechCompany(string theName, string product):Company(theName, product)
{
}

void TechCompany::printInfo()
{
	cout << name << "公司大量生产了" << product << "这款产品!\n";
}

int main()
{
	Company *company = new TechCompany("APPLE", "IPHONE");
	TechCompany *tecCompany = company;

	tecCompany -> printInfo();

	delete company;

	company = NULL;
	tecCompany = NULL;
	
	return 0;

}

运行出错:

首先company接收的是new开辟的一块32位的地址空间,之后再将其给tecCompany,但是为啥不能这样呢?

强制类型转换:

TechCompany *tecCompany = (TechCompany *)company;

要点总结:

我们用传统的强制类型转换实现:把所需要的指针类型放在一对圆括号之间,然后写出被强制转换的地址值。注意不能既删除company，又删除tecCompany。因为强制类型转换操作不会创建一个副本拷贝，它只是告诉编译器把有关变量解释为另一种类型组合形式，所以他们指向的是同一个地址。

2、动态对象强制类型转换

上述代码仍然可能存在一个问题：如果被强制转换的类型和目标类型结构完全不同。

动态对象强制类型转换

Company * company = new Company("APPLE", "IPHONE");

TechCompany * tecCompany = dynamic_cast<TechCompany *>(company)

现在两个尖括号之间写出想要的指针类型,然后是将被转换的值写在括号中。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Company
{
public:
	Company(string theName, string product);
	virtual void printInfo();

protected:
	string name;
	string product;
};

class TechCompany:public Company
{
public:
	TechCompany(string theName, string product);
	virtual void printInfo();
};

Company::Company(string theName, string product)
{
	name = theName;
	this -> product = product;
}

void Company::printInfo()
{
	cout << "这个公司的名字叫: " << name <<
		"正在生产" << product << "\n";
}

TechCompany::TechCompany(string theName, string product):Company(theName, product)
{
}

void TechCompany::printInfo()
{
	cout << name << "公司大量生产了" << product << "这款产品!\n";
}

int main()
{
	Company *company = new Company("APPLE", "IPHONE");
	TechCompany *tecCompany =  dynamic_cast<TechCompany *>(company);

	if (tecCompany != NULL)
	{
		cout << "成功!" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "悲催!\n";
	}
	//tecCompany -> printInfo();

	delete company;

	company = NULL;
	tecCompany = NULL;
	
	return 0;

}

最后程序的输出为：悲催！说明两个不同类型的结构不能用于强制类型转换。