Serialization is the process of converting a data structure or object into a sequence of bits so that it can be stored in a file or memory buffer, or transmitted across a network connection link to be reconstructed later in the same or another computer environment.
Design an algorithm to serialize and deserialize a binary search tree. There is no restriction on how your serialization/deserialization algorithm should work. You just need to ensure that a binary search tree can be serialized to a string and this string can be deserialized to the original tree structure.
The encoded string should be as compact as possible.
Note: Do not use class member/global/static variables to store states. Your serialize and deserialize algorithms should be stateless.
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* public class TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode left;
* TreeNode right;
* TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
* }
*/
public class Codec {
// Encodes a tree to a single string.
public String serialize(TreeNode root) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
if (root == null) {
return "null";
}
Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<TreeNode>();
stack.push(root);
while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
root = stack.pop();
sb.append(root.val).append(",");
if (root.right != null) {
stack.push(root.right);
}
if (root.left != null) {
stack.push(root.left);
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
// Decodes your encoded data to tree.
public TreeNode deserialize(String data) {
if (data.equals("null")) {
return null;
}
String[] str = data.split(",");
Queue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<Integer>();
for (String s : str) {
queue.offer(Integer.parseInt(s));
}
return getNode(queue);
}
private TreeNode getNode(Queue<Integer> queue) {
if (queue.isEmpty()) {
return null;
}
TreeNode root = new TreeNode(queue.poll());
Queue<Integer> subQueue = new LinkedList<Integer>();
while (!queue.isEmpty() && queue.peek() < root.val) {
subQueue.offer(queue.poll());
}
root.left = getNode(subQueue);
root.right = getNode(queue);
return root;
}
}
// Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:
// Codec codec = new Codec();
// codec.deserialize(codec.serialize(root));