ThreadLocal简介:
threadlocal可以为线程提供线程本地变量,这个数据绑定在当前线程中的,只有当前线程可以访问。
要获取线程本地变量,只需要使用threadlocal.get()方法,要设置本地变量值,只需使用threadlocal,set()方法。
ThreadLocal.get():
首先来看get():
public T get() { //获取当前线程 Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); //获取当前线程中的ThreadLocalMap ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t); if (map != null) { //ThreadLocalMap中节点为Entry ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this); if (e != null) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //获取本地变量 T result = (T)e.value; return result; } } return setInitialValue(); }
get()首先会获取ThreadLocalMap,这个Map实际存储在当前线程中,源码如下:
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) { return t.threadLocals; }
t中存放着这个map
public class Thread implements Runnable { ... ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null; ... }
获取到ThreadLocalMap后,会根据当前threadlocal获取ThreadLocalMap中存储的Entry,Entry结构如下:
static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> { /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */ Object value; Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) { super(k); value = v; } }
可见ThreadLocalMap中基本存储单元为Entry,Entry是一个键值对,key为一个threadlocal,而值由线程设置,ThreadLocalMap中有一个Entry数组名为table用于存放这些Entry。自此,拿到了Entry,若之前已经设置过数据,则直接返回value,否则会执行初始化操作:
private T setInitialValue() { //initialValue()返回null T value = initialValue(); Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); //首先获得当前线程对应的ThreadLocalMap ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t); //若map已经初始化,则设置初始值null if (map != null) { map.set(this, value); } else { //map没有初始化,则创建map并设置初始值null createMap(t, value); } if (this instanceof TerminatingThreadLocal) { TerminatingThreadLocal.register((TerminatingThreadLocal<?>) this); } return value; }
再来看createMap():
void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) { t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue); }
逻辑很简单,创建一个ThreadLocalMap,并初始化值。
总结:get()方法首先会去获取当前线程的ThreadLocalMap,然后再去获取Map中存放的threadlocal对应的值。这一过程中可能会涉及到一些初始化操作。
ThreadLocal.set():
再来看set():
public void set(T value) { //获取当前线程对应的ThreadLocalMap Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t); if (map != null) { //map不为null,则设置threadlocal,value键值对 map.set(this, value); } else { createMap(t, value); } }
与前述操作基本一致。
ThreadLocal使用:
经过上述分析,其实可以看出一个threadlocal变量可以为不同的线程维护本地变量。
public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { ThreadLocal<String> localStr = new ThreadLocal<>(); Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { localStr.set("thread1"); loaclInt.set(1); System.out.println("线程1的localstr: " + localStr.get()); } }); Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { localStr.set("thread2"); loaclInt.set(2); System.out.println("线程2的localstr: " + localStr.get()); } }); thread1.start(); thread2.start();
测试代码中使用同一个localStr为两个线程都维护以他们的本地变量,测试结果如下:
线程1的localstr: thread1 线程2的localstr: thread2