ubuntu20.04和ubuntu22.04中使用texlive+texstudio搭建Latex环境

本安装方法进行了实测,并且不需要配置环境变量,不需要安装中文字体包,非常方便
转载请注明出处Tonny的博客

一.texlive+texstudio安装

1.安装texlive

  sudo apt-get install texlive-full

注:安装之前建议把下载源更改为国内的下载源,例如:清华源,这样下载速度会快很多,3G的东西,大约10分钟结束.

2.安装中文字体包

  sudo apt install latex-cjk-all

正常情况下,第1步已经下载好了中文字体包,这一步只是进行检查,并且通过apt安装texlive-full,环境变量已经配置好了,不需要重新配置环境变量

3.安装texstudio

 sudo apt-get install texstudio

二.texstudio使用问题

1. 无法编辑中文的问题

那是因为需要在代码中加入相关字段

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{CJKutf8}
\begin{document}
\begin{CJK}{UTF8}{gkai}

  Hello latex!\\
  这是一个楷体中文测试，处理简体字。\\

\end{CJK}
  
\end{document}

2. 编译后Pdf中文不显示问题

当使用CJK中文包时，在Texstudio配置中使用pdflatex编译器而不是xelatex编译器。
选择Options>Config Texstudio>bulid>Default Compliler>PdfLaTeX

3. 编译后中文乱码问题

在/usr/share/exmf/tex/latex/CJK/GB下查找到GB.cpx文件并且用以下代码替换

% This is the file GB.cap of the CJK package
%   for using Asian logographs (Chinese/Japanese/Korean) with LaTeX2e
%
% created by aloft <aloft@ctex.org> for Standard LaTeX document class.
%
% Version 4.5.2 (18-May-2003)
%
% $Id: GB.cpx,v 1.7 2003/05/20 15:51:14 aloft Exp $
%


\def\fileversion{4.5.2}
\def\filedate{2003/05/18}
\ProvidesFile{GB.cap}[\filedate\space\fileversion
 for Standard LaTeX document class]


% Chinese captions
%
% character set: GB 2312-80
% encoding: EUC

\renewcommand\contentsname{目录}
\renewcommand\listfigurename{插图}
\renewcommand\listtablename{表格}

\@ifundefined{chapter}
  {\renewcommand\refname{参考文献}}
  {\renewcommand\bibname{参考文献}}

\renewcommand\indexname{索引}

\renewcommand\figurename{Fig}

\newcommand\codename{代码}

\renewcommand\tablename{表}

\newcommand\CJKprepartname{第}
\newcommand\CJKpartname{部分}
\newcommand\CJKthepart{\CJKnumber{\@arabic\c@part}}

\@ifundefined{chapter}{}{
  \newcommand\CJKprechaptername{第}
  \newcommand\CJKchaptername{章}
  \newcommand\CJKthechapter{\CJKnumber{\@arabic\c@chapter}}}

\renewcommand\appendixname{附录~\@Alph\c@chapter}

\@ifundefined{mainmatter}
  {\renewcommand\abstractname{摘要}}{}

% \renewcommand\ccname{}                     %   ?
% \renewcommand\enclname{附件}
% \newcommand\prepagename{}                  %   ?
% \newcommand\postpagename{}                 %   ?
% \renewcommand\headtoname{}                 %   ?
% \renewcommand\seename{}                    %   ?

\let\CJK@todaysave=\today
\def\CJK@todaysmall{~\the\year~年~\the\month~月~\the\day~日}
\def\CJK@todaybig{\CJKdigits{\the\year}年\CJKnumber{\the\month}月\CJKnumber{\the\day}日}
\def\CJK@today{\CJK@todaysmall}
\renewcommand\today{\CJK@today}
\newcommand\CJKtoday[1][1]{%
  \ifcase#1\def\CJK@today{\CJK@todaysave}
  \or\def\CJK@today{\CJK@todaysmall}
  \or\def\CJK@today{\CJK@todaybig}
  \fi}

%
% modify the definitions of Standard LaTeX document class
%
\@ifundefined{chapter}{
  \def\@part[#1]#2{%
      \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
        \refstepcounter{part}%
%       \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart\hspace{1em}#1}%
        \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\CJKprepartname\expandafter\noexpand\CJKthepart\CJKpartname\hspace{1em}#1}%
      \else
        \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}%
      \fi
      {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
       \interlinepenalty \@M
       \normalfont
       \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
%        \Large\bfseries \partname\nobreakspace\thepart
         \Large\bfseries \CJKprepartname\CJKthepart\CJKpartname
         \par\nobreak
       \fi
       \huge \bfseries #2%
       \markboth{}{}\par}%
      \nobreak
      \vskip 3ex
      \@afterheading}
}{
  \def\@part[#1]#2{%
      \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
        \refstepcounter{part}%
%       \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart\hspace{1em}#1}%
        \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\CJKprepartname\expandafter\noexpand\CJKthepart\CJKpartname\hspace{1em}#1}%
      \else
        \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}%
      \fi
      \markboth{}{}%
      {\centering
       \interlinepenalty \@M
       \normalfont
       \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
%        \huge\bfseries \partname\nobreakspace\thepart
         \huge\bfseries \CJKprepartname\CJKthepart\CJKpartname
         \par
         \vskip 20\p@
       \fi
       \Huge \bfseries #2\par}%
      \@endpart}
  \if@twoside
    \def\chaptermark#1{%
      \markboth {\MakeUppercase{%
        \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
          \if@mainmatter
%           \@chapapp\ \thechapter. \ %
            \CJKprechaptername\CJKthechapter\CJKchaptername \ %
          \fi
        \fi
        #1}}{}}%
    \def\sectionmark#1{%
      \markright {\MakeUppercase{%
        \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\z@
%         \thesection. \ %
          \thesection \ %
        \fi
        #1}}}
  \else
    \def\chaptermark#1{%
      \markright {\MakeUppercase{%
        \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
          \if@mainmatter
%           \@chapapp\ \thechapter. \ %
            \CJKprechaptername\CJKthechapter\CJKchaptername \ %
          \fi
        \fi
        #1}}}
  \fi
  \def\@chapter[#1]#2{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
                         \if@mainmatter
                           \refstepcounter{chapter}%
%                          \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}%
                           \typeout{\CJKprechaptername\CJKthechapter\CJKchaptername}%
                           \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}%
%                                    {\protect\numberline{\thechapter}#1}%
                                     {\protect\numberline{}\CJKprechaptername%
                                      \expandafter\noexpand\CJKthechapter\CJKchaptername\hspace{0.8em}#1}%
                         \else
                           \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
                         \fi
                      \else
                        \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
                      \fi
                      \chaptermark{#1}%
                      \addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
                      \addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
                      \if@twocolumn
                        \@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{#2}]%
                      \else
                        \@makechapterhead{#2}%
                        \@afterheading
                      \fi}
  \def\@makechapterhead#1{%
    \vspace*{50\p@}%
    {\parindent \z@ \raggedright \normalfont
      \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
        \if@mainmatter
%         \huge\bfseries \@chapapp\space \thechapter
          \huge\bfseries \CJKprechaptername\CJKthechapter\CJKchaptername
          \par\nobreak
          \vskip 20\p@
        \fi
      \fi
      \interlinepenalty\@M
      \Huge \bfseries #1\par\nobreak
      \vskip 40\p@
    }}
  \renewcommand*\l@chapter[2]{%
    \ifnum \c@tocdepth >\m@ne
      \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}%
      \vskip 1.0em \@plus\p@
%     \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
      \setlength\@tempdima{0em}%
      \begingroup
        \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
        \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
        \leavevmode \bfseries
        \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
        \hskip -\leftskip
        #1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
        \penalty\@highpenalty
      \endgroup
    \fi}
\let\@appendix\appendix
\renewcommand\appendix{\@appendix%
  \def\CJKprechaptername{\relax}%
  \def\CJKthechapter{\relax}%
  \def\CJKchaptername{\appendixname}}
}  %end of \@ifundefined{chapter}

\def\numberline#1{\ifdim\@tempdima>0pt% 
  \settowidth\@tempdimb{#1\space}% 
  \ifdim\@tempdima<\@tempdimb% 
    \@tempdima=\@tempdimb% 
  \fi% 
  \hb@xt@\@tempdima{#1\hfil}% 
  \fi} 

如有任何问题,欢迎留言.