设计模式 基础篇01 装饰器模式

主要组件

1. 抽象构件（Component）角色：定义一个抽象接口以规范准备接收附加责任的对象
2. 具体构件（Concrete Component）角色：实现抽象构件，通过装饰角色为其添加一些职责。
3. 抽象装饰（Decorator）角色：实现抽象构件，并包含具体构件的实例，可以通过其子类扩展具体构件的功能。
4. 具体装饰（ConcreteDecorator）角色：继承抽象装饰，实现抽象装饰的相关方法，并给具体构件对象添加附加的责任

结构示意图

简要概括

抽象装饰要实现抽象构件类、包含抽象构件的引用A，则后续的具体装饰也是抽象构件的实现类，所以具体装饰可以通过抽象构件类的引用A来声明使用，自由互相嵌套包裹

另外：

应用场景

• 1.切换功能
  通过基础组件的构造函数来设置不同的装饰器类，以此来切换不同的装饰器方法，实现功能的切换.
  如样例代码1，在具体装扮的基础上，切换不同的装扮
• 2.叠加功能
  因为所有装饰器都继承于基础组件，则所有装饰器都是基础组件的子类，可以不断将前一个装饰器添加到该装饰器之中，如此，可以在执行本装饰器的功能之前，先执行前面装饰器的功能，实现功能上的叠加。
  如样例代码2，在具体装扮的基础上，一层层往上叠加装扮，即
  室内服装=冬天基础装扮+室内装扮
  室外服装=冬天基础装扮+室内装扮+室外装扮
  
  

样例代码1 切换功能

/**
 * @program: DesignPatterns
 * @description:
 * @author: TATE.LU
 * @create: 2020-12-07 16:11
 **/

public class Decorator {
    public static void main(String []args){
        Clothes clothes=new ConcreteClothes();
    //这是具体的一种装扮，实现了Clothes接口规范，可以想怎么穿，就怎么穿
        System.out.println("\n某种具体装扮----------");
        clothes.putOn();
//这是冬天的穿衣打扮父类，实现了Clothes接口规范，定义冬天的衣服最基本要穿什么
        WinterClothes winterClothes=new WinterClothes(clothes);


        System.out.println("\n\n切换成冬天基础装扮----------");
        WinterBaseClothes winterBaseClothes=new WinterBaseClothes(winterClothes);
        winterBaseClothes.putOn();



        System.out.println("\n\n切换成室内装扮-----------");
        IndoorWinterClothes indoorWinterClothes=new IndoorWinterClothes(winterClothes);
        indoorWinterClothes.putOn();


        System.out.println("\n\n切换成出门装扮！---------");
        OutdoorWinterClothes outdoorWinterClothes=new OutdoorWinterClothes(winterClothes);
        outdoorWinterClothes.putOn();
    }


}
interface Clothes{
    public void putOn();
}
class ConcreteClothes implements Clothes{
    public ConcreteClothes(){
//        System.out.println("具体的装扮");
    }

    public void putOn() {

        System.out.print("某种具体装扮");
    }
}
class WinterClothes implements Clothes{
    private Clothes clothes;
    public WinterClothes(Clothes clothes){
        this.clothes=clothes;
    }


    public void putOn() {


        if(this.clothes!=null){
            this.clothes.putOn();
        }


    }
}
class WinterBaseClothes extends WinterClothes{
    public WinterBaseClothes(Clothes clothes){
        super(clothes);
    }
    public void putOn(){
        super.putOn();
        baseDecorate();
    }

    //    基本装扮
    public void baseDecorate(){
        System.out.print("+ 保暖衣，保暖裤，鞋子");

    }


}
class IndoorWinterClothes extends WinterClothes{
    public IndoorWinterClothes(Clothes clothes){
        super(clothes);
    }

    public void putOn(){

        super.putOn();
        indoorDecorate();

    }



    //    室内装扮
    public void indoorDecorate(){
        System.out.print("+ 长袖，长裤 ");

    }
}
class OutdoorWinterClothes extends WinterClothes{
    public OutdoorWinterClothes(Clothes clothes){
        super(clothes);

    }


    public void putOn() {
        super.putOn();
        outdoorDecorate();
    }
    public void outdoorDecorate(){
        System.out.print("+ 羽绒服，围巾，帽子 ");
    }

}

运行结果

样例代码2 叠加功能

/**
 * @program: DesignPatterns
 * @description:
 * @author: TATE.LU
 * @create: 2020-12-07 16:11
 **/
 
public class Decorator {
    public static void main(String []args){
        Clothes clothes=new ConcreteClothes();
    //这是具体的一种装扮，实现了Clothes接口规范，可以想怎么穿，就怎么穿
        System.out.println("\n某种具体装扮----------");
        clothes.putOn();

//这是冬天的穿衣打扮父类，实现了Clothes接口规范，定义冬天的衣服最基本要穿什么
        WinterClothes winterClothes=new WinterClothes(clothes);

//加上冬天基础装扮
        System.out.println("\n\n加上冬天基础装扮----------");
        WinterBaseClothes winterBaseClothes=new WinterBaseClothes(winterClothes);
        winterBaseClothes.putOn();


//加上室内装扮
        System.out.println("\n\n加上室内装扮-----------");
        IndoorWinterClothes indoorWinterClothes=new IndoorWinterClothes(winterBaseClothes);
        indoorWinterClothes.putOn();


//加上室外装扮
        System.out.println("\n\n加上室外装扮---------");
        OutdoorWinterClothes outdoorWinterClothes=new OutdoorWinterClothes(indoorWinterClothes);
        outdoorWinterClothes.putOn();
    }
 
}
interface Clothes{
    public void putOn();
}
class ConcreteClothes implements Clothes{
    public ConcreteClothes(){
//        System.out.println("具体的装扮");
    }
 
    public void putOn() {
 
        System.out.print("某种具体装扮");
    }
}
class WinterClothes implements Clothes{
    private Clothes clothes;
    public WinterClothes(Clothes clothes){
        this.clothes=clothes;
    }
 
 
    public void putOn() {
 
 
        if(this.clothes!=null){
            this.clothes.putOn();
        }
 
 
    }
}
class WinterBaseClothes extends WinterClothes{
    public WinterBaseClothes(Clothes clothes){
        super(clothes);
    }
    public void putOn(){
        super.putOn();
        baseDecorate();
    }
 
    //    基本装扮
    public void baseDecorate(){
        System.out.print("+ 保暖衣，保暖裤，鞋子");
 
    }
 
 
}
class IndoorWinterClothes extends WinterClothes{
    public IndoorWinterClothes(Clothes clothes){
        super(clothes);
    }
 
    public void putOn(){
 
        super.putOn();
        indoorDecorate();
 
    }
 
 
 
    //    室内装扮
    public void indoorDecorate(){
        System.out.print("+ 长袖，长裤 ");
 
    }
}
class OutdoorWinterClothes extends WinterClothes{
    public OutdoorWinterClothes(Clothes clothes){
        super(clothes);
 
    }
 
 
    public void putOn() {
        super.putOn();
        outdoorDecorate();
    }
    public void outdoorDecorate(){
        System.out.print("+ 羽绒服，围巾，帽子 ");
    }
 
}

运行结果

参考链接

大话设计模式 BY 程杰
C语言中文网