1.Boostrap第二部分:全局CSS样式——辅助类
.pull-left
.pull-right
.caret
.close
.center-block
2.Boostrap第二部分:全局CSS样式——排版&代码
3.Boostrap第二部分:全局CSS样式——表格
.table
.table-bordered 带边框的表格
.table-striped 隔行变色的表格
.table-hover 鼠标悬停变色的表格
.table-responsive 响应式表格,用于TABEL父元素DIV
Bootlint:官方提供的一个用于检查HTML/CSS使用方面错误的工具。 |
练习:如何为tr和td修改背景颜色 —— 自己查看手册
4.Boostrap第二部分:全局CSS样式——栅格布局系统——重点
页面内容布局的三种方式:
(1)TABLE布局
好处:简单容易控制
问题:语义错误,渲染效率低
(2)DIV+CSS布局
好处:语义正确,渲染效率高
问题:不容易控制
(3)Bootstrap栅格布局系统
好处:语义正确,渲染效率高,简单容易控制,实现了响应式
不足:没有!
栅格布局系统的使用方法:
(1)栅格系统的父元素必须是:
div.container - 定宽容器
LG:1170px MD:970px SM: 750px XS:100%
div.container-fluid - 变宽容器
width:100%
(2)在容器中声明“行”
div.container > div.row
(3)在“行”中声明“列”
div.container > div.row > div.col-*-*
(4)列根据不同的屏幕尺寸分为四组:
.col-lg-*
.col-md-*
.col-sm-*
.col-xs-*
(5)一行均分为12等份,每个列必须指定自己的占比:
.col-lg-1
.col-lg-2
.col-lg-3
.col-lg-...
.col-lg-12
(6)列可以向后“偏移”指定的宽度
.col-lg-offset-1
.col-lg-offset-2
.col-lg-offset-....
.col-lg-offset-12
(7)不同屏幕宽度下的列宽度占比适用于指定屏幕以及更大屏幕
.col-xs-* 适用于xs/sm/md/lg屏幕
.col-sm-* 适用于sm/md/lg屏幕
.col-md-* 适用于md/lg屏幕
.col-lg-* 适用于lg屏幕
(8)一个列可以指定不同屏幕下的不同宽度占比
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-9 col-md-6">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6">
(9)可以指定列在特定的屏幕下实现隐藏
.hidden-lg
.hidden-md
.hidden-sm
.hidden-xs
.hidden
注意:隐藏只对指定屏幕有效!
(10)栅格系统可以嵌套使用
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-1">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-6"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
(11)列的排序问题——待续
午间练习:使用栅格系统实现如下页面布局:
<input class="form-control">
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link href="./css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="./js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="./js/respond.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<!--标题栏-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<h1>Bootstrap <i>CSS </i> <small>type</small></h1>
</div>
</div>
<!--搜索框-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-9">
<input class="form-control" type="text">
</div>
</div>
<!--主体内容-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3">
<ul class="list-unstyled">
<li><a href="">startup</a></li>
<li><a href="">globalcss</a></li>
<li><a href="">component</a></li>
<li><a href="">js plugin</a></li>
<li><a href="">customize</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<blockquote>
<h3>三人行必有我师焉</h3>
<footer>摘自孔子 论语 </footer>
</blockquote>
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>编号</th>
<th>书名</th>
<th>价格</th>
<th>作者</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>101</td>
<td>三国志</td>
<td>35.5</td>
<td>罗贯中</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>102</td>
<td>西游记</td>
<td>35.5</td>
<td>吴承恩</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>103</td>
<td>红楼梦</td>
<td>35.5</td>
<td>曹雪芹</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>104</td>
<td>水浒传</td>
<td>35.5</td>
<td>施耐庵</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<h2>特色课程</h2>
<dl>
<dt>HTML</dt>
<dd>hyper text markup language</dd>
<dt>css</dt>
<dd>cascade style sheet</dd>
<dt>js</dt>
<dd>javascript</dd>
</dl>
<blockquote class="blockquote-reverse">
<h3>来自***</h3>
<footer>总裁寄语</footer>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<!--版权声明条-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<p class="text-center">****© 2018</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="./js/jquery-1.11.3.js"></script>
<script src="./js/bootstrap.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
重点练习:响应式网页示例:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link href="./css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="./js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="./js/respond.min.js"></script>
<style>
.navbg{
background:rgb(3,76,80);
margin-bottom:10px;
margin-top:5px;
border-radius:5px;
padding-top:5px;
padding-bottom:5px;
}
.leftbg{
background:rgb(87,8,91);
color:#fff;
border-radius:5px;
}
.leftbg>ul>li>a{
background:#fff;
color:#000;
margin:5px 10%;
display:inline-block;
width:80%;
height:50px;
text-align:center;
line-height:50px;
border-radius:5px;
}
.centerbg{
background:rgb(255,185,81);
border-radius:5px;
}
.rightbg{
background:rgb(91,87,8);
color:#fff;
border-radius:5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<!--第一行:导航条-->
<div class="row navbg">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4">
<ul class="list-inline">
<li><a href="">首页</a></li>
<li><a href="">影集</a></li>
<li><a href="">活动</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">
<input class="form-control" type="text">
</div>
</div>
<!--第二行:主体-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-3 leftbg">
<ul class="list-unstyled">
<li><a href="">豆蔻年华</a></li>
<li><a href="">花样青春</a></li>
<li><a href="">激情岁月</a></li>
<li><a href="">迟暮之年</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-6 centerbg">
<!--栅格系统的嵌套使用-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 ">
<img class="img-responsive" src="./img/1.jpg" alt="">
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 ">
<img class="img-responsive" src="./img/2.jpg" alt="">
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 ">
<img class="img-responsive" src="./img/3.jpg" alt="">
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 ">
<img class="img-responsive" src="./img/4.jpg" alt="">
</div>
</div>
<p><span>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Animi assumenda harum nemo obcaecati, omnis provident rem repellendus! Accusamus asperiores consectetur delectus eligendi eveniet hic iusto porro ratione totam, unde? Repudiandae?</span><span>Adipisci debitis eius eos exercitationem, fugit maxime natus nisi numquam officia quasi quisquam sunt suscipit, voluptas! A accusantium cum eligendi ex inventore magni sit? Atque dicta error quasi quo ullam.</span><span>Accusamus culpa dignissimos, dolore ducimus et exercitationem expedita nemo quae qui saepe suscipit voluptate voluptatem. A, aut dolore ex expedita incidunt modi mollitia nesciunt nobis, omnis praesentium, quia vero vitae.</span><span>A at consequuntur cum, cupiditate dolores fugiat hic, illum nam nisi reprehenderit similique suscipit veniam voluptate! Ab eveniet iusto laboriosam modi nemo nisi perspiciatis provident quas, repellendus saepe sunt voluptas?</span><span>Accusamus aliquam animi architecto aut debitis delectus, deleniti deserunt dolor, exercitationem explicabo fugiat fugit id labore laboriosam libero minus nam necessitatibus nesciunt numquam odio quam, repellat tempora temporibus vel vitae?</span><span>Alias aperiam blanditiis, cumque deserunt doloremque, eaque enim esse ex hic itaque laboriosam minima mollitia nesciunt quasi ratione sequi vero? Assumenda blanditiis debitis eius inventore ipsam nisi, quae ut veritatis.</span><span>Accusantium animi eaque eius est eveniet exercitationem fugiat impedit minima mollitia nesciunt perspiciatis possimus quidem reiciendis repellat rerum, sit velit. Accusamus ea id magnam modi repellendus. Blanditiis deleniti et quis.</span><span>Dolor excepturi harum itaque, magni numquam pariatur quos recusandae. Aut commodi earum eius eum, illum, laborum magni nihil perspiciatis porro quam quas quasi quidem quis quo ratione tenetur ut voluptatibus.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm col-md-3 rightbg">
<p>右侧广告 <span>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Aut corporis dolor dolore dolorum ducimus incidunt iure, laborum maxime mollitia natus obcaecati porro quaerat quisquam, sed sequi tempore temporibus! Obcaecati, totam?</span><span>Ab amet consectetur culpa doloremque eligendi error est fuga harum impedit itaque magnam magni molestias nobis odio pariatur possimus praesentium quas qui, quis ratione reiciendis sint suscipit unde, veritatis voluptate.</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<!--第三行:版权声明-->
<div class="row">
</div>
</div>
<script src="./js/jquery-1.11.3.js"></script>
<script src="./js/bootstrap.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
5.Boostrap第二部分:全局CSS样式——表单——难点
难点:(1)相关class较多 (2)HTML结构复杂——HTML5规范
Bootstrap提供了三种形式的表单:
(1)默认表单
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="control-label"></label>
<input class="form-control">
<span class="help-block"></span>
</div>
</form>
(2)行内表单
<form class="form-inline">
<div class="form-group">
<label class="sr-only"></label>
<input class="form-control">
</div>
</form>
(3)水平表单
提示:水平表单指在一行中放置label、input、span,需要整合栅格布局系统(变种) 和 表单相关内容。
| 标准栅格系统 | 水平表单中栅格 |
外层容器 | div.container 或 div.container-fluid | form.form-horizontal |
行 | div.row | div.form-group |
列 | div.col-*-* | div.col-*-* |
<form class="form-horizontal "> <!--.container-->
<div class="form-group"> <!--.row-->
<div class="col-*-*> <!--.col-*-*-->
<label class="sr-only"></label>
</div>
<div class="col-*-*">
<input class="form-control">
</div>
</div>
</form>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link href="./css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="./js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="./js/respond.min.js"></script>
<style>
.form-horizontal .control-label{
width:100%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h1>全局css样式---表单</h1>
<p>提示:注意h5规范中推荐的表单写法</p>
<h3>1.默认表单</h3>
<form action="">
<div class="form-group">
<label class="control-label" for="uname">用户名:</label>
<input class="form-control" type="text" id="uname">
<span class="help-block">用户名中可以包含数字,字母</span>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="control-label" for="upwd">密码:</label>
<input class="form-control" type="text" id="upwd">
<span class="help-block">密码长度在6-12位之间</span>
</div>
<!--注意h5规范推荐的复选框和单选框的写法-->
<!--SRP:单一责任原则-->
<div class="form-group">
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox">七天之内不再登录
</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<input class="btn btn-success" type="button" value="提交">
<input class="btn btn-danger" type="button" value="取消">
</div>
</form>
<h3>2.行内表单</h3>
<form class="form-inline" action="">
<div class="form-group">
<!--screen reader only 仅屏幕阅读器可见-->
<label class="sr-only" for="uname2">用户名:</label>
<input class="form-control" type="text" id="uname2" placeholder="请输入用户名">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="sr-only" for="upwd2">密码:</label>
<input class="form-control" type="text" id="upwd2" placeholder="请输入密码">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<input class="btn btn-success" type="button" value="提交">
</div>
</form>
<h3>3.水平表单</h3>
<form class="form-horizontal" action="">
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-xs-2">
<label class="control-label" for="uname3">用户名:</label>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-5">
<input class="form-control" type="text" id="uname3">
</div>
<div class="col-xs-5">
<span class="help-block">用户名中可以包含数字,字母</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-xs-2">
<label class="control-label" for="upwd3">密码:</label>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-5">
<input class="form-control" type="text" id="upwd3">
</div>
<div class="col-xs-5">
<span class="help-block">密码长度在6-12位之间</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--注意h5规范推荐的复选框和单选框的写法-->
<!--SRP:单一责任原则-->
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-2">
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox">七天之内不再登录
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-xs-4 col-xs-offset-3">
<input class="btn btn-success" type="button" value="提交">
<input class="btn btn-danger" type="button" value="取消">
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<script src="./js/jquery-1.11.3.js"></script>
<script src="./js/bootstrap.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
练习:如何在输入框中放置一个对勾、叉号、放大镜?
8.Bootstrap第三部分:组件 —— 下拉菜单
下拉菜单必需的三级结构:
<div class="dropdown">
<a data-toggle="dropdown">触发元素</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">隐藏的菜单</ul>
</div>
提示:后面必需引入bootstrap.js,其中会查找data-toggle="dropdown"元素,为其绑定事件监听函数。
9. Bootstrap第三部分:组件 —— 警告框
<div class="alert alert-四种颜色 alert-dismissible">
<span class="close" data-dismiss="alert">×</span>
任意文本内容
</div>
课后练习:
(1)面试题:Bootstrap为什么把一行等分为12份?
(2)完成“英特尔中国官网首页”的内容和布局
提示:不用处理字体和颜色相关样式