四天搞定bootstrap---第二天

1.Boostrap第二部分:全局CSS样式——辅助类

  .pull-left

  .pull-right   

  .caret

  .close

  .center-block

2.Boostrap第二部分:全局CSS样式——排版&代码

3.Boostrap第二部分:全局CSS样式——表格

  .table                                                   

  .table-bordered         带边框的表格

  .table-striped            隔行变色的表格

  .table-hover              鼠标悬停变色的表格

  .table-responsive       响应式表格,用于TABEL父元素DIV

Bootlint:官方提供的一个用于检查HTML/CSS使用方面错误的工具。

  练习:如何为tr和td修改背景颜色 —— 自己查看手册

4.Boostrap第二部分:全局CSS样式——栅格布局系统——重点

  页面内容布局的三种方式:

  (1)TABLE布局

       好处:简单容易控制

       问题:语义错误,渲染效率低

  (2)DIV+CSS布局

       好处:语义正确,渲染效率高

       问题:不容易控制

  (3)Bootstrap栅格布局系统

       好处:语义正确,渲染效率高,简单容易控制,实现了响应式

       不足:没有!

栅格布局系统的使用方法:

(1)栅格系统的父元素必须是:

       div.container   - 定宽容器 

              LG:1170px MD:970px SM: 750px XS:100%

       div.container-fluid - 变宽容器

              width:100%

(2)在容器中声明“行”

       div.container > div.row

(3)在“行”中声明“列”

       div.container > div.row > div.col-*-*

(4)列根据不同的屏幕尺寸分为四组:

       .col-lg-*

       .col-md-*

       .col-sm-*

       .col-xs-*

(5)一行均分为12等份,每个列必须指定自己的占比:

       .col-lg-1

       .col-lg-2

       .col-lg-3

       .col-lg-...

       .col-lg-12

(6)列可以向后“偏移”指定的宽度

       .col-lg-offset-1

       .col-lg-offset-2

       .col-lg-offset-....

       .col-lg-offset-12

      

(7)不同屏幕宽度下的列宽度占比适用于指定屏幕以及更大屏幕

       .col-xs-*         适用于xs/sm/md/lg屏幕

       .col-sm-*        适用于sm/md/lg屏幕

       .col-md-*       适用于md/lg屏幕

       .col-lg-*         适用于lg屏幕

(8)一个列可以指定不同屏幕下的不同宽度占比

       <div class="col-xs-12  col-sm-9  col-md-6">

       <div class="col-xs-12  col-md-6">

(9)可以指定列在特定的屏幕下实现隐藏

       .hidden-lg

       .hidden-md

       .hidden-sm

       .hidden-xs

       .hidden

       注意:隐藏只对指定屏幕有效!

(10)栅格系统可以嵌套使用

       <div class="row">

              <div class="col-xs-1">

                     <div class="row">

                            <div class="col-xs-6"></div>

                     </div>

              </div>

       </div>

(11)列的排序问题——待续

 

午间练习:使用栅格系统实现如下页面布局:         

              <input class="form-control">

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <title></title>
  <link href="./css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="./js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
  <script src="./js/respond.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="container">
    <!--标题栏-->
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-12">
        <h1>Bootstrap <i>CSS </i> <small>type</small></h1>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!--搜索框-->
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-9">
        <input class="form-control" type="text">
      </div>
    </div>
    <!--主体内容-->
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-3">
        <ul class="list-unstyled">
          <li><a href="">startup</a></li>
          <li><a href="">globalcss</a></li>
          <li><a href="">component</a></li>
          <li><a href="">js plugin</a></li>
          <li><a href="">customize</a></li>
        </ul>
      </div>
      <div class="col-md-6">
        <blockquote>
          <h3>三人行必有我师焉</h3>
          <footer>摘自孔子 论语 </footer>
        </blockquote>
        <table class="table table-bordered table-striped">
          <thead>
          <tr>
            <th>编号</th>
            <th>书名</th>
            <th>价格</th>
            <th>作者</th>
          </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td>101</td>
            <td>三国志</td>
            <td>35.5</td>
            <td>罗贯中</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>102</td>
            <td>西游记</td>
            <td>35.5</td>
            <td>吴承恩</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>103</td>
            <td>红楼梦</td>
            <td>35.5</td>
            <td>曹雪芹</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>104</td>
            <td>水浒传</td>
            <td>35.5</td>
            <td>施耐庵</td>
          </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div class="col-md-3">
        <h2>特色课程</h2>
        <dl>
          <dt>HTML</dt>
          <dd>hyper text markup language</dd>
          <dt>css</dt>
          <dd>cascade style sheet</dd>
          <dt>js</dt>
          <dd>javascript</dd>
        </dl>
        <blockquote class="blockquote-reverse">
          <h3>来自***</h3>
          <footer>总裁寄语</footer>
        </blockquote>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!--版权声明条-->
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-12">
        <p class="text-center">****&copy 2018</p>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>


  <script src="./js/jquery-1.11.3.js"></script>
  <script src="./js/bootstrap.js"></script>

</body>
</html>

 

重点练习:响应式网页示例:  

  

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <title></title>
  <link href="./css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="./js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
  <script src="./js/respond.min.js"></script>
  <style>
    .navbg{
      background:rgb(3,76,80);
      margin-bottom:10px;
      margin-top:5px;
      border-radius:5px;
      padding-top:5px;
      padding-bottom:5px;
    }
    .leftbg{
      background:rgb(87,8,91);
      color:#fff;
      border-radius:5px;
    }
    .leftbg>ul>li>a{
      background:#fff;
      color:#000;
      margin:5px 10%;
      display:inline-block;
      width:80%;
      height:50px;
      text-align:center;
      line-height:50px;
      border-radius:5px;
    }
    .centerbg{
      background:rgb(255,185,81);
      border-radius:5px;
    }
    .rightbg{
      background:rgb(91,87,8);
      color:#fff;
      border-radius:5px;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="container">
    <!--第一行:导航条-->
    <div class="row navbg">
      <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4">
        <ul class="list-inline">
          <li><a href="">首页</a></li>
          <li><a href="">影集</a></li>
          <li><a href="">活动</a></li>
        </ul>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">
        <input  class="form-control" type="text">
      </div>
    </div>
    <!--第二行:主体-->
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-3 leftbg">
        <ul class="list-unstyled">
          <li><a href="">豆蔻年华</a></li>
          <li><a href="">花样青春</a></li>
          <li><a href="">激情岁月</a></li>
          <li><a href="">迟暮之年</a></li>
        </ul>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-6 centerbg">
        <!--栅格系统的嵌套使用-->
        <div class="row">
          <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 ">
            <img  class="img-responsive" src="./img/1.jpg" alt="">
          </div>
          <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 ">
            <img  class="img-responsive" src="./img/2.jpg" alt="">
          </div>
          <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 ">
            <img  class="img-responsive" src="./img/3.jpg" alt="">
          </div>
          <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 ">
            <img  class="img-responsive" src="./img/4.jpg" alt="">
          </div>
        </div>
        <p><span>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Animi assumenda harum nemo obcaecati, omnis provident rem repellendus! Accusamus asperiores consectetur delectus eligendi eveniet hic iusto porro ratione totam, unde? Repudiandae?</span><span>Adipisci debitis eius eos exercitationem, fugit maxime natus nisi numquam officia quasi quisquam sunt suscipit, voluptas! A accusantium cum eligendi ex inventore magni sit? Atque dicta error quasi quo ullam.</span><span>Accusamus culpa dignissimos, dolore ducimus et exercitationem expedita nemo quae qui saepe suscipit voluptate voluptatem. A, aut dolore ex expedita incidunt modi mollitia nesciunt nobis, omnis praesentium, quia vero vitae.</span><span>A at consequuntur cum, cupiditate dolores fugiat hic, illum nam nisi reprehenderit similique suscipit veniam voluptate! Ab eveniet iusto laboriosam modi nemo nisi perspiciatis provident quas, repellendus saepe sunt voluptas?</span><span>Accusamus aliquam animi architecto aut debitis delectus, deleniti deserunt dolor, exercitationem explicabo fugiat fugit id labore laboriosam libero minus nam necessitatibus nesciunt numquam odio quam, repellat tempora temporibus vel vitae?</span><span>Alias aperiam blanditiis, cumque deserunt doloremque, eaque enim esse ex hic itaque laboriosam minima mollitia nesciunt quasi ratione sequi vero? Assumenda blanditiis debitis eius inventore ipsam nisi, quae ut veritatis.</span><span>Accusantium animi eaque eius est eveniet exercitationem fugiat impedit minima mollitia nesciunt perspiciatis possimus quidem reiciendis repellat rerum, sit velit. Accusamus ea id magnam modi repellendus. Blanditiis deleniti et quis.</span><span>Dolor excepturi harum itaque, magni numquam pariatur quos recusandae. Aut commodi earum eius eum, illum, laborum magni nihil perspiciatis porro quam quas quasi quidem quis quo ratione tenetur ut voluptatibus.</span></p>
      </div>
      <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm col-md-3 rightbg">
        <p>右侧广告 <span>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Aut corporis dolor dolore dolorum ducimus incidunt iure, laborum maxime mollitia natus obcaecati porro quaerat quisquam, sed sequi tempore temporibus! Obcaecati, totam?</span><span>Ab amet consectetur culpa doloremque eligendi error est fuga harum impedit itaque magnam magni molestias nobis odio pariatur possimus praesentium quas qui, quis ratione reiciendis sint suscipit unde, veritatis voluptate.</span></p>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!--第三行:版权声明-->
    <div class="row">

    </div>
  </div>
  <script src="./js/jquery-1.11.3.js"></script>
  <script src="./js/bootstrap.js"></script>

</body>
</html>

5.Boostrap第二部分:全局CSS样式——表单——难点

  难点:(1)相关class较多  (2)HTML结构复杂——HTML5规范

  Bootstrap提供了三种形式的表单:

  (1)默认表单

      

       <form>

              <div class="form-group">

                     <label class="control-label"></label>

                     <input class="form-control">

                     <span class="help-block"></span>

              </div>

       </form>

  (2)行内表单

      

       <form class="form-inline">

              <div class="form-group">

                     <label class="sr-only"></label>

                     <input class="form-control">

              </div>

       </form>

  (3)水平表单

       提示:水平表单指在一行中放置label、input、span,需要整合栅格布局系统(变种) 和 表单相关内容。

 

标准栅格系统

水平表单中栅格

外层容器

div.container  或

div.container-fluid

form.form-horizontal

div.row

div.form-group

div.col-*-*

div.col-*-*

      

       <form class="form-horizontal ">   <!--.container-->

              <div class="form-group">     <!--.row-->

                <div class="col-*-*>           <!--.col-*-*-->

                     <label class="sr-only"></label>

                </div>

                <div class="col-*-*">

                     <input class="form-control">

                </div>

              </div>

       </form>

 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <title></title>
  <link href="./css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="./js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
  <script src="./js/respond.min.js"></script>
  <style>
    .form-horizontal .control-label{
      width:100%;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="container">
    <h1>全局css样式---表单</h1>
    <p>提示:注意h5规范中推荐的表单写法</p>
    <h3>1.默认表单</h3>
    <form action="">
      <div class="form-group">
        <label class="control-label" for="uname">用户名:</label>
        <input  class="form-control" type="text" id="uname">
        <span class="help-block">用户名中可以包含数字,字母</span>
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <label class="control-label" for="upwd">密码:</label>
        <input  class="form-control" type="text" id="upwd">
        <span class="help-block">密码长度在6-12位之间</span>
      </div>

      <!--注意h5规范推荐的复选框和单选框的写法-->
      <!--SRP:单一责任原则-->
      <div class="form-group">
        <div class="checkbox">
          <label>
            <input type="checkbox">七天之内不再登录
          </label>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <input class="btn btn-success" type="button" value="提交">
        <input class="btn btn-danger" type="button" value="取消">
      </div>
    </form>

    <h3>2.行内表单</h3>
    <form class="form-inline" action="">
      <div class="form-group">
        <!--screen reader only 仅屏幕阅读器可见-->
        <label class="sr-only" for="uname2">用户名:</label>
        <input  class="form-control" type="text" id="uname2" placeholder="请输入用户名">
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <label class="sr-only" for="upwd2">密码:</label>
        <input  class="form-control" type="text" id="upwd2" placeholder="请输入密码">
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <input class="btn btn-success" type="button" value="提交">
      </div>
    </form>

    <h3>3.水平表单</h3>
    <form class="form-horizontal" action="">
      <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-xs-2">
          <label class="control-label" for="uname3">用户名:</label>
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs-5">
          <input  class="form-control" type="text" id="uname3">
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs-5">
          <span class="help-block">用户名中可以包含数字,字母</span>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-xs-2">
          <label class="control-label" for="upwd3">密码:</label>
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs-5">
          <input  class="form-control" type="text" id="upwd3">
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs-5">
          <span class="help-block">密码长度在6-12位之间</span>
        </div>
      </div>

      <!--注意h5规范推荐的复选框和单选框的写法-->
      <!--SRP:单一责任原则-->
      <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-2">
          <div class="checkbox">
            <label>
              <input type="checkbox">七天之内不再登录
            </label>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-xs-4 col-xs-offset-3">
          <input class="btn btn-success" type="button" value="提交">
          <input class="btn btn-danger" type="button" value="取消">
        </div>
      </div>
    </form>
  </div>
  <script src="./js/jquery-1.11.3.js"></script>
  <script src="./js/bootstrap.js"></script>

</body>
</html>

练习:如何在输入框中放置一个对勾、叉号、放大镜?

 

 

8.Bootstrap第三部分:组件 —— 下拉菜单

  下拉菜单必需的三级结构:

  <div class="dropdown">

       <a data-toggle="dropdown">触发元素</a>

       <ul class="dropdown-menu">隐藏的菜单</ul>

  </div>

  提示:后面必需引入bootstrap.js,其中会查找data-toggle="dropdown"元素,为其绑定事件监听函数。

 

9. Bootstrap第三部分:组件 —— 警告框

  <div class="alert alert-四种颜色 alert-dismissible">

       <span class="close" data-dismiss="alert">&times;</span>

       任意文本内容

  </div>

课后练习:

(1)面试题:Bootstrap为什么把一行等分为12份?

(2)完成“英特尔中国官网首页”的内容和布局

  提示:不用处理字体和颜色相关样式

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