Python 之 threading学习教程

这篇threading教程是我自己工作和学习的总结。创建多线程常用的三种方法：

创建Thread的实例，传给它一个函数

创建Thread的实例，传给它一个可调用的类实例（不推荐）

派生Thread的子类，并创建子类的实例（推荐）

创建Thread的实例，传给它一个函数

#!/usr/bin/env python

# coding:utf-8

 

 

import threading

from time import ctime, sleep

 

loops = [4, 2]

 

def loop(n, sec):

    print 'start loop', n, ' at: ', ctime()

    sleep(sec)

    print 'loop', n, ' done at: ', ctime()

    

def main():

    print 'starting at: ', ctime()

    threads = []

    nloops = range(len(loops))

    

    for i in nloops:

        t = threading.Thread(target=loop, args=(i, loops[i]))

        threads.append(t)

        

    for i in nloops:    # start threads

        threads[i].start()

        

    for i in nloops:    # wait for all threads to finish

        threads[i].join()

        

    print 'all DONE at: ', ctime()

    

if __name__ == '__main__':

main()

 

执行结果：

liuqian@ubuntu:~$ python test_threading1.py 
starting at:  Wed Jul 20 13:20:06 2016
start loop 0  at:  Wed Jul 20 13:20:06 2016
start loop 1  at:  Wed Jul 20 13:20:06 2016
loop 1  done at:  Wed Jul 20 13:20:08 2016
loop 0  done at:  Wed Jul 20 13:20:10 2016
all DONE at:  Wed Jul 20 13:20:10 2016

【说明】

join([timeout])方法将等待线程结束，或者在提供了超时时间的情况下达到超时时间。对于join()方法而言，其实它根本不需要调用。一旦线程启动，它就会一直执行，直到给定的函数完成后退出。如果主线程还有其他事情要去做，而不是等待这些线程完成（例如其他处理或者等待新的客户端请求），就可以不调用join()。join()只在你需要等待线程完成的时候才是有用的。

 

创建Thread的实例，传给它一个可调用的类实例

 

#!/usr/bin/env python

# coding:utf-8

 

 

import threading

from time import ctime, sleep

 

loops = [4,2]

 

class ThreadFunc(object):

    

    def __init__(self, func, args, name=''):

        self.name = name

        self.func = func

        self.args = args

        

    def __call__(self):

        self.func(*self.args)

        

def loop(n, sec):

    print 'start loop', n, ' at: ', ctime()

    sleep(sec)

    print 'loop', n, ' done at: ', ctime()

    

def main():

    print 'starting at: ', ctime()

    threads = []

    nloops = range(len(loops))

    

    for i in nloops:

        t = threading.Thread(target=ThreadFunc(loop, (i, loops[i]), loop.__name__))

        threads.append(t)

        

    for i in nloops:    # start threads

        threads[i].start()

        

    for i in nloops:    # wait for all threads to finish

        threads[i].join()

        

    print 'all DONE at: ', ctime()

    

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main() 

输出与第一个案例一样。

【说明】当创建新线程时，Thread类的代码将调用ThreadFunc对象，此时会调用__cal__()这个特殊方法。

 

派生Thread的子类，并创建子类的实例（推荐）

#!/usr/bin/env python

# coding:utf-8

 

import threading

from time import ctime, sleep

 

loops = [4,2]

 

class MyThread(threading.Thread):

    

    def __init__(self, func, args, name=''):

        threading.Thread.__init__(self)

        self.name = name

        self.func = func

        self.args = args

        

    def run(self):    # 必须要写

        self.func(*self.args)

        

def loop(n, sec):

    print 'start loop', n, ' at: ', ctime()

    sleep(sec)

    print 'loop', n, ' done at: ', ctime()

    

def main():

    print 'starting at: ', ctime()

    threads = []

    nloops = range(len(loops))

    

    for i in nloops:

        t = MyThread(loop, (i, loops[i]), loop.__name__)

        threads.append(t)

        

    for i in nloops:    # start threads

        threads[i].start()

        

    for i in nloops:    # wait for all threads to finish

        threads[i].join()

        

    print 'all DONE at: ', ctime()

    

if __name__ == '__main__':

main()

 

 

 

原文来自：博客园/刘[小]倩