【吴恩达】《神经网络和深度学习》第二周编程作业

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# /usr/bin/python
# 作者：kimicr
# 实验日期：201904026
# Python版本：3.6.3
# 《深度学习与神经网络》第一课第三周编程作业
# 创建一个小型神经网络的logsitic回归，并用来识别cat

#导入用到的包
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import h5py
import scipy
from PIL import Image
from scipy import ndimage

#导入数据
def load_dataset():
    train_dataset = h5py.File("train_cat.h5","r") #读取训练数据，共209张图片
    test_dataset = h5py.File("test_cat.h5", "r") #读取测试数据，共50张图片

    train_set_x_orig = np.array(train_dataset["train_set_x"][:]) #原始训练集（209*64*64*3）
    train_set_y_orig = np.array(train_dataset["train_set_y"][:]) #原始训练集的标签集（y=0非猫,y=1是猫）（209*1）

    test_set_x_orig = np.array(test_dataset["test_set_x"][:]) #原始测试集（50*64*64*3
    test_set_y_orig = np.array(test_dataset["test_set_y"][:]) #原始测试集的标签集（y=0非猫,y=1是猫）（50*1）

    train_set_y_orig = train_set_y_orig.reshape((1,train_set_y_orig.shape[0])) #原始训练集的标签集设为（1*209）
    test_set_y_orig = test_set_y_orig.reshape((1,test_set_y_orig.shape[0])) #原始测试集的标签集设为（1*50）

    classes = np.array(test_dataset["list_classes"][:])
    return train_set_x_orig, train_set_y_orig, test_set_x_orig, test_set_y_orig, classes

'''
#初始化数据
train_set_x_orig, train_set_y, test_set_x_orig, test_set_y, classes = load_dataset()

#显示一张图片
#train_set_y[:, index]，得到第index张图的y标签
#使用np.squeeze的目的是压缩维度，【未压缩】train_set_y[:,index]的值为[1] , 【压缩后】np.squeeze(train_set_y[:,index])的值为1
#print("【使用np.squeeze：" + str(np.squeeze(train_set_y[:,index])) + "，不使用np.squeeze： " + str(train_set_y[:,index]) + "】")
#只有压缩后的值才能进行解码操作
index = 5
plt.imshow(train_set_x_orig[index])     #展示训练原始数据的第index张图
plt.show()                              #在python的显示函数，当在ipynb中可以省去
print ("y = " + str(train_set_y[:, index]) + ", it's a '" + classes[np.squeeze(train_set_y[:, index])].decode("utf-8") +  "' picture.")

#处理图片数据
#转换成规定格式（a,b,c,d）>>(a,b*c*d)
train_set_x_flatten = train_set_x_orig.reshape(train_set_x_orig.shape[0], -1).T  #训练数据（64x64x3,209）
test_set_x_flatten = test_set_x_orig.reshape(test_set_x_orig.shape[0], -1).T     #测试数据（64x64x3,50）

#标准化数据使颜色在[0,1]之间
train_set_x = train_set_x_flatten/255.
test_set_x = test_set_x_flatten/255.
'''

#建立神经网络（正向传播、反向传播、梯度下降）


#sigmoid函数
def sigmoid(z):
    s = 1/(1+np.exp(-z))
    return s

#初始化参数w,b
def initialize_with_zeros(dim):
    w = np.zeros((dim,1)) #w为一个dim*1矩阵
    b = 0
    return w, b

#计算Y_hat,成本函数J以及dw，db
def propagate(w, b, X, Y):
    m = X.shape[1] #样本个数
    Y_hat = sigmoid(np.dot(w.T,X)+b)
    cost = -(np.sum(np.dot(Y,np.log(Y_hat).T)+np.dot((1-Y),np.log(1-Y_hat).T)))/m #成本函数

    dw = (np.dot(X,(Y_hat-Y).T))/m
    db = (np.sum(Y_hat-Y))/m

    cost = np.squeeze(cost) #压缩维度
    grads = {"dw": dw,
             "db": db} #梯度

    return grads, cost

#梯度下降找出最优解
def optimize(w, b, X, Y, num_iterations, learning_rate, print_cost = False):#num_iterations-梯度下降次数 learning_rate-学习率，即参数ɑ
    costs = [] #记录成本值

    for i in range(num_iterations): #循环进行梯度下降
        grads, cost = propagate(w,b,X,Y)
        dw = grads["dw"]
        db = grads["db"]

        w = w - learning_rate*dw
        b = b - learning_rate*db

        if i % 100 == 0: #每100次记录一次成本值
            costs.append(cost)

        if print_cost and i % 100 == 0: #打印成本值
            print ("循环%i次后的成本值: %f" %(i, cost))

    params = {"w": w,
              "b": b} #最终参数值

    grads = {"dw": dw,
             "db": db}#最终梯度值

    return params, grads, costs

#预测出结果
def predict(w, b, X):
    m = X.shape[1] #样本个数
    Y_prediction = np.zeros((1,m)) #初始化预测输出
    w = w.reshape(X.shape[0], 1) #转置参数向量w

    Y_hat = sigmoid(np.dot(w.T,X)+b) #最终得到的参数代入方程

    for i in range(Y_hat.shape[1]):
        if Y_hat[:,i]>0.5:
            Y_prediction[:,i] = 1
        else:
            Y_prediction[:,i] = 0

    return Y_prediction

#建立整个预测模型
def model(X_train, Y_train, X_test, Y_test, num_iterations = 2000, learning_rate = 0.5, print_cost = False): #num_iterations-梯度下降次数 learning_rate-学习率，即参数ɑ
    w, b = initialize_with_zeros(X_train.shape[0]) #初始化参数w，b

    parameters, grads, costs = optimize(w, b, X_train, Y_train, num_iterations, learning_rate, print_cost) #梯度下降找到最优参数

    w = parameters["w"]
    b = parameters["b"]

    Y_prediction_train = predict(w, b, X_train) #训练集的预测结果
    Y_prediction_test = predict(w, b, X_test) #测试集的预测结果

    train_accuracy = 100 - np.mean(np.abs(Y_prediction_train - Y_train)) * 100 #训练集识别准确度
    test_accuracy = 100 - np.mean(np.abs(Y_prediction_test - Y_test)) * 100 #测试集识别准确度

    print("训练集识别准确度: {} %".format(train_accuracy))
    print("测试集识别准确度: {} %".format(test_accuracy))

    d = {"costs": costs,
         "Y_prediction_test": Y_prediction_test,
         "Y_prediction_train" : Y_prediction_train,
         "w" : w,
         "b" : b,
         "learning_rate" : learning_rate,
         "num_iterations": num_iterations}

    return d

#初始化数据
train_set_x_orig, train_set_y, test_set_x_orig, test_set_y, classes = load_dataset()

m_train = train_set_x_orig.shape[0] #训练集中样本个数
m_test = test_set_x_orig.shape[0] #测试集总样本个数
num_px = test_set_x_orig.shape[1] #图片的像素大小

train_set_x_flatten = train_set_x_orig.reshape(train_set_x_orig.shape[0],-1).T #原始训练集的设为（12288*209）
test_set_x_flatten = test_set_x_orig.reshape(test_set_x_orig.shape[0],-1).T #原始测试集设为（12288*50）

train_set_x = train_set_x_flatten/255. #将训练集矩阵标准化
test_set_x = test_set_x_flatten/255. #将测试集矩阵标准化

d = model(train_set_x, train_set_y, test_set_x, test_set_y, num_iterations = 2000, learning_rate = 0.005, print_cost = True)

# 画出学习曲线
costs = np.squeeze(d['costs'])
plt.plot(costs)
plt.ylabel('cost')
plt.xlabel('iterations (per hundreds)')
plt.title("Learning rate =" + str(d["learning_rate"]))
#plt.show()

learning_rates = [0.01, 0.001, 0.0001]
models = {}
for i in learning_rates:
    print ("学习率: " + str(i))
    models[str(i)] = model(train_set_x, train_set_y, test_set_x, test_set_y, num_iterations = 1500, learning_rate = i, print_cost = False)
    print ('\n' + "-------------------------------------------------------" + '\n')

for i in learning_rates:
    plt.plot(np.squeeze(models[str(i)]["costs"]), label= str(models[str(i)]["learning_rate"]))

plt.ylabel('cost')
plt.xlabel('iterations')

legend = plt.legend(loc='upper center', shadow=True)
frame = legend.get_frame()
frame.set_facecolor('0.90')
plt.show()