点与点 点与线的关系

//
//  main.cpp
//  Richard
//
//  Created by 邵金杰 on 16/8/5.
//  Copyright © 2016年 邵金杰. All rights reserved.
//


//常用常数
double PI=acos(-1);
double INF=1e20;
double EPS=1e-6;
typedef pair<double,double> CPoint;//点
typedef pair<CPoint,CPoint> CLine;//线
struct CPoint{//点
    double x,y;
    CPoint(double x,double y): x(x),y(y) {}
};
struct CLine{//线
    CPoint a,b;
    CLine(CPoint a,CPoint b): a(a),b(b) {}
};
struct CVector{
    double x,y;
    CVector(double x,double y): x(x),y(y) {}
};
CVector operator * (double k,CVector p){//常数乘矢量
    return CVector(k*p.x,k*p.y);
}
double operator * (CVector p,CVector q){//矢量点乘
    return p.x*q.x+p.y*q.y;
}
double length(CVector p){//求矢量的模长
    return sqrt(p*p);
}
double operator ^ (CVector p,CVector q){//矢量叉积
    return p.x*q.y-p.y*q.x;
}
CVector unit(CVector p){//单位向量
    return 1/length(p)*p;
}
double dot(CVector p,CVector q){//矢量点乘
    return p.x*q.x+p.y*q.y;
}
double project(CVector p,CVector q){//投影
    return dot(p,unit(q));
}
bool IsZero(double x){//判断一个数是否为0(用于浮点数)
    return x<EPS&&x>-EPS;
}
bool FLarger(double x,double y){//判断x是否大于y
    return x-y>EPS;
}
bool FLess(double x,double y){//判断x是否小于y
    return y-x>EPS;
}
CVector operator - (CPoint b,CPoint a){//点a到点b的向量AB，用B－A表示
    return CVector(b.x-a.x,b.y-a.y);
}
CPoint operator + (CPoint a,CVector p){//将点a沿矢量p方向平移矢量p的长度得到点b
    return CPoint(a.x+p.x,a.y+p.y);
}
double dist(CPoint p,CPoint q){//求两点间线段的长度
    return length(p-q);
}
double vertical_dist(CPoint p,CLine l){//求直线外一点p到直线l的距离
    return fabs((p-l.a)^(l.b-l.a))/length(l.b-l.a);
}
CPoint rotate(CPoint b,CPoint a,double alpha){//把点b绕点a旋转alpha度到点c，并返回c
    CVector p=b-a;
    return CPoint(a.x+(p.x*cos(alpha)-p.y*sin(alpha)),a.y+(p.x*sin(alpha)+p.y*cos(alpha)));
}
int SideOfLine(CPoint a,CPoint b,CPoint p){//判断p在直线a，b的哪一侧
    double result=(b-a)^(p-a);
    if(IsZero(result)) return 0;//p在直线ab上
    else if(result>0) return 1;//p在直线ab左侧
    else return -1;//p在直线ab右侧
}
CLine Vertical(CPoint p,CLine l){//过点p作直线l的垂线
    return CLine(p,p+(rotate(l.b,l.a,PI/2)-l.a));
}
CPoint foot(CPoint p,CLine l){//求垂足
    return CPoint(l.a+project(p-l.a,l.b-l.a)*unit(l.b-l.a));
}