Backward Digit Sums(poj 3187)

来自《挑战程序设计竞赛》

1.题目原文

http://poj.org/problem?id=3187

Backward Digit Sums

Time Limit: 1000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 6443		Accepted: 3738

Description

FJ and his cows enjoy playing a mental game. They write down the numbers from 1 to N (1 <= N <= 10) in a certain order and then sum adjacent numbers to produce a new list with one fewer number. They repeat this until only a single number is left. For example, one instance of the game (when N=4) might go like this: 

    3   1   2   4

      4   3   6

        7   9

         16

Behind FJ's back, the cows have started playing a more difficult game, in which they try to determine the starting sequence from only the final total and the number N. Unfortunately, the game is a bit above FJ's mental arithmetic capabilities. 

Write a program to help FJ play the game and keep up with the cows.

Input

Line 1: Two space-separated integers: N and the final sum.

Output

Line 1: An ordering of the integers 1..N that leads to the given sum. If there are multiple solutions, choose the one that is lexicographically least, i.e., that puts smaller numbers first.

Sample Input

4 16

Sample Output

3 1 2 4

Hint

Explanation of the sample: 

There are other possible sequences, such as 3 2 1 4, but 3 1 2 4 is the lexicographically smallest.

Source

USACO 2006 February Gold & Silver

2.解题思路

联想到杨辉三角

第n行第k个数是C(n,k)=n!/(n-k)!/k!。

对应这段代码

int C(int n,int k)
{
    int res=1;
    for(int i=0;i<k;i++){
        res=res*(n-i)/(i+1);
    }
    return res;
}

有了C(n,k)，即使初始数字不为1，只要乘上C(n,k)就行了。

#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <set>
#include <vector>
#include<cmath>
#include<bitset>
using namespace std;

int C(int n,int k)
{
    int res=1;
    for(int i=0;i<k;i++){
        res=res*(n-i)/(i+1);
    }
    return res;
}

int main()
{
    int n,sum;
    scanf("%d%d",&n,&sum);
    int line[15];
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        line[i]=i+1;
    }
    do{
        int res=0;
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            res+=C(n-1,i)*line[i];
        }
        if(res==sum){
            break;
        }
    }while(next_permutation(line,line+n));
    //可以直接这样做，STL好强大……
    //copy(line, line + N, ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));
    for(int i=0;i<n-1;i++){
        cout<<line[i]<<" ";
    }
    cout<<line[n-1]<<endl;
    return 0;
}