Hazel游戏引擎（068）创建一个纹理SheetAPI

于 2023-07-30 23:16:10 发布
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分类专栏： Hazel游戏引擎 文章标签： 游戏引擎 渲染 OpenGL 纹理贴图
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34060370/article/details/132013330
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文章介绍了如何在Hazel游戏引擎中抽象和使用TextureSheetAPI，通过加载纹理集并根据坐标和大小创建子纹理。接着，详细展示了代码流程，包括加载纹理集、创建子纹理以及利用这些子纹理进行渲染的步骤。在渲染过程中，使用Renderer2D的DrawQuad方法将子纹理应用到场景中的多个四边形上。

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文章目录

前言

  • 此节所做

    由067节写的代码，写死在cpp文件中，为此需要抽象纹理SheetAPI。

  • 如何抽象SheetAPI

    • 具体怎么实现和抽象根据自己的需要

    • Cherno采用的思路是

      • 为一张Texture Sheet，根据输入xy、大小参数返回子纹理。

      • 子纹理的属性有：Texture（即一张的大的Texture Sheet）指针、glm::vec2 的纹理坐标

        Texture是指针，不是每一个子纹理都有一个指针指向父纹理。

代码流程

  1. 加载Texture sheet纹理集

    // 加载Texture sheet
m_SpriteSheet = Hazel::Texture2D::Create("assets/games/textures/RPGpack_sheet_2X.png");

  2. 由纹理集对象创建子纹理

    //m_TextureStairs, m_TextureTree, m_TextureBush
m_TextureStair = Hazel::SubTexture2D::CreateFromCoords(m_SpriteSheet, { 7, 6 }, {128, 128});
m_TextureBush = Hazel::SubTexture2D::CreateFromCoords(m_SpriteSheet, { 2, 3 }, { 128, 128 });
m_TextureTree = Hazel::SubTexture2D::CreateFromCoords(m_SpriteSheet, { 4, 1 }, { 128, 128 }, { 1,2 });

    /
// 为一张Texture Sheet，根据输入**xy**、**大小**参数返回子纹理。
Ref<SubTexture2D> Hazel::SubTexture2D::CreateFromCoords(const Ref<Texture2D>& texture, const glm::vec2& coords, const glm::vec2& cellSize, const glm::vec2& spriteSize)
{
    glm::vec2 min = { (coords.x * cellSize.x) / texture->GetWidth(),  (coords.y * cellSize.y) / texture->GetHeight() };
    glm::vec2 max = { ((coords.x + spriteSize.x) * cellSize.x) / texture->GetWidth(),  ((coords.y + spriteSize.y) * cellSize.y) / texture->GetHeight() };
    return CreateRef<SubTexture2D>(texture, min, max);
}

  3. 将根据获取的子纹理的属性赋予顶点属性上传到OpenGL着色器上渲染

    Hazel::Renderer2D::BeginScene(m_CameraController.GetCamera());
// 获取的子纹理有m_TextureBush、m_TextureStair、m_TextureTree
Hazel::Renderer2D::DrawQuad({ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.9f }, { 1.0f, 1.0f }, m_TextureBush, 1.0f);
Hazel::Renderer2D::DrawQuad({ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.9f }, { 1.0f, 1.0f }, m_TextureStair, 1.0f);
Hazel::Renderer2D::DrawQuad({ -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.9f }, { 1.0f, 2.0f }, m_TextureTree, 1.0f);
Hazel::Renderer2D::EndScene();

    void Renderer2D::DrawQuad(const glm::vec3& position, const glm::vec2& size, const Ref<SubTexture2D>& subtexture, float tilingFactor, const glm::vec4& tintColor)
{
    HZ_PROFILE_FUNCTION();

    constexpr glm::vec4 color = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
    /
    // 根据子纹理对象获取属性：纹理坐标、所属的纹理集对象
    const glm::vec2* textureCoords = subtexture->GetTexCoords();
    const Ref<Texture2D> texture = subtexture->GetTexture();
  .....
    // quad的左下角为起点
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->Position = tranform * s_Data.QuadVertexPosition[0];
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->Color = color;
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->TexCoord = textureCoords[0];// 子纹理坐标赋予到顶点属性纹理坐标中
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->TexIndex = textureIndex;	// 纹理集在纹理数组的位置
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->TilingFactor = tilingFactor;
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr++;
   ......
    s_Data.Stats.QuadCount++;
}

结果

请添加图片描述

完整代码

  • SubTexture2D

    #pragma once

#include "Texture.h"
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
namespace Hazel {
	class SubTexture2D
	{
	public:
		SubTexture2D(const Ref<Texture2D>& texture, const glm::vec2& min, const glm::vec2& max);

		const Ref<Texture2D> GetTexture()const { return m_Texture; }
		const glm::vec2* GetTexCoords() const { return m_TextCoords; }

		static Ref<SubTexture2D> CreateFromCoords(const Ref<Texture2D>& texture, const glm::vec2& coords, const glm::vec2& cellSize, const glm::vec2& spriteSize = {1, 1});
	private:
		Ref<Texture2D> m_Texture;

		glm::vec2 m_TextCoords[4];
	};
}

    #include "hzpch.h"
#include "SubTexture2D.h"

namespace Hazel {
	// 只需要min和max二个二维向量可以组合成4个点
	Hazel::SubTexture2D::SubTexture2D(const Ref<Texture2D>& texture, const glm::vec2& min, const glm::vec2& max)
		:m_Texture(texture)
	{
		m_TextCoords[0] = { min.x, min.y };
		m_TextCoords[1] = { max.x, min.y };
		m_TextCoords[2] = { max.x, max.y };
		m_TextCoords[3] = { min.x, max.y };
	}

	Ref<SubTexture2D> Hazel::SubTexture2D::CreateFromCoords(const Ref<Texture2D>& texture, const glm::vec2& coords, const glm::vec2& cellSize, const glm::vec2& spriteSize)
	{
		glm::vec2 min = { (coords.x * cellSize.x) / texture->GetWidth(),  (coords.y * cellSize.y) / texture->GetHeight() };
		glm::vec2 max = { ((coords.x + spriteSize.x) * cellSize.x) / texture->GetWidth(),  ((coords.y + spriteSize.y) * cellSize.y) / texture->GetHeight() };
		return CreateRef<SubTexture2D>(texture, min, max);
	}
}

  • Renderer2D.cpp

    void Renderer2D::DrawQuad(const glm::vec3& position, const glm::vec2& size, const Ref<SubTexture2D>& subtexture, float tilingFactor, const glm::vec4& tintColor)
{
    HZ_PROFILE_FUNCTION();

    constexpr glm::vec4 color = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
    const glm::vec2* textureCoords = subtexture->GetTexCoords();
    const Ref<Texture2D> texture = subtexture->GetTexture();

    if (s_Data.QuadIndexCount >= Renderer2DData::MaxIndices) {
        FlushAndReset();
    }

    float textureIndex = 0.0f;
    for (uint32_t i = 1; i < s_Data.TextureSlotIndex; i++)
    {
        // 当前纹理，如果已经存储在纹理槽，就直接读取
        if (*s_Data.TextureSlots[i].get() == *texture.get()) {
            textureIndex = (float)i;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (textureIndex == 0.0f) {
        textureIndex = (float)s_Data.TextureSlotIndex;
        s_Data.TextureSlots[s_Data.TextureSlotIndex] = texture;
        s_Data.TextureSlotIndex++;// 记得++
    }
    // 设置transform
    glm::mat4 tranform = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), position) *
        glm::scale(glm::mat4(1.0f), { size.x, size.y, 1.0f });

    // quad的左下角为起点
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->Position = tranform * s_Data.QuadVertexPosition[0];
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->Color = color;
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->TexCoord = textureCoords[0];
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->TexIndex = textureIndex;
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->TilingFactor = tilingFactor;
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr++;

    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->Position = tranform * s_Data.QuadVertexPosition[1];
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->Color = color;
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->TexCoord = textureCoords[1];
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->TexIndex = textureIndex;
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->TilingFactor = tilingFactor;
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr++;

    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->Position = tranform * s_Data.QuadVertexPosition[2];
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->Color = color;
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->TexCoord = textureCoords[2];
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->TexIndex = textureIndex;
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->TilingFactor = tilingFactor;
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr++;

    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->Position = tranform * s_Data.QuadVertexPosition[3];
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->Color = color;
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->TexCoord = textureCoords[3];
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->TexIndex = textureIndex;
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr->TilingFactor = tilingFactor;
    s_Data.QuadVertexBufferPtr++;

    s_Data.QuadIndexCount += 6;// 每一个quad用6个索引

    s_Data.Stats.QuadCount++;
}

  • Sandbox2D.cpp

    void Sandbox2D::OnAttach()
{
	HZ_PROFILE_FUNCTION();

	//Hazel::Renderer2D::Init();
	m_SquareTexture = Hazel::Texture2D::Create("assets/textures/Checkerboard.png");
	// 加载Texture sheet
	m_SpriteSheet = Hazel::Texture2D::Create("assets/games/textures/RPGpack_sheet_2X.png");
	//m_TextureStairs, m_TextureTree, m_TextureBush
	m_TextureStair = Hazel::SubTexture2D::CreateFromCoords(m_SpriteSheet, { 7, 6 }, {128, 128});
	m_TextureBush = Hazel::SubTexture2D::CreateFromCoords(m_SpriteSheet, { 2, 3 }, { 128, 128 });
	m_TextureTree = Hazel::SubTexture2D::CreateFromCoords(m_SpriteSheet, { 4, 1 }, { 128, 128 }, { 1,2 });
	// Init here
	m_Particle.ColorBegin = { 254 / 255.0f, 212 / 255.0f, 123 / 255.0f, 1.0f };
.....
}


OnUpdate()
// 绘制纹理集的一个
Hazel::Renderer2D::BeginScene(m_CameraController.GetCamera());
Hazel::Renderer2D::DrawQuad({ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.9f }, { 1.0f, 1.0f }, m_TextureBush, 1.0f);
Hazel::Renderer2D::DrawQuad({ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.9f }, { 1.0f, 1.0f }, m_TextureStair, 1.0f);
Hazel::Renderer2D::DrawQuad({ -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.9f }, { 1.0f, 2.0f }, m_TextureTree, 1.0f);
Hazel::Renderer2D::EndScene();
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