《Python编程：从入门到实践》 第9章 类 练习题--类User

---

0 前言

《Python编程：从入门到实践》 第9章 类 练习题–类User

1 练习题描述

练习9-3 用户

创建一个名为User的类，其中包含属性first_name和last_name，还有用户简介通常会存储的其他几个属性。在类User中定义一个名为describe_user()的方法，它打印用户信息摘要；再定义一个名为greet_user()的方法，它向用户发出个性化的问候。
创建多个表示不同用户的实例，并对每个实例都调用上述两个方法。

练习9-5 尝试登录次数

在为完成练习9-3而编写的User类中，添加一个名为login_attempts的属性。编写一个名为increment_login_attempts()的方法，它将属性login_attempts的值加1。再编写一个名为reset_login_attempts()的方法，它将属性login_ attempts的值重置为0。
根据User类创建一个实例，再调用方法increment_login_attempts()多次。打印属性login_attempts的值，确认它被正确地递增；然后，调用方法reset_login_attempts()，并再次打印属性login_attempts的值，确认它被重置为0。

练习9-7 管理员

管理员是一种特殊的用户。编写一个名为Admin的类，让它继承你为完成练习9-3或9-5而编写的User 类。添加一个名为privileges的属性，用于存储一个由字符串（如"can add post"、“can delete post”、"can ban user"等）组成的列表。编写一个名为show_privileges()的方法，它显示管理员的权限。创建一个Admin实例，并调用这个方法。

练习9-8 权限

编写一个名为Privileges的类，它只有一个属性——privileges，其中存储了练习9-7所说的字符串列表。将方法show_privileges()移到这个类中。在Admin类中，将一个Privileges实例用作其属性。创建一个Admin实例，并使用方法show_privileges()来显示其权限。

练习9-11 导入Admin类

以为完成练习9-8而做的工作为基础。将User、Privileges和Admin类存储在一个模块中，再创建一个文件，在其中创建一个Admin实例并对其调用方法show_privileges()，以确认一切都能正确地运行。

2 自编程序

2.1 User.py

class User:

    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, username, login_attempts):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.username = username
        self.login_attempts = login_attempts

    def describe_user(self):
        print(f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}'s username is: {self.username}")

    def greet_user(self):
        print(f"Hello, {self.first_name} {self.last_name}")

    def increment_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts += 1

    def reset_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts = 0

    def show_login_attempts(self):
        print(f"Now your login attempts are: {self.login_attempts}")


class Privileges:
    def __init__(self, privileges=[]):
        self.privileges = privileges

    def show_privileges(self):
        if self.privileges:
            print("Your privileges are:")
            for privilege in self.privileges:
                print("-" + str(privilege))


class Admin(User):
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, username, login_attempts):
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name, username, login_attempts)
        self.privileges = Privileges()

2.2 main.py

from user import User, Admin

user1 = User("A", "B", 'Abb', 5)
user1.describe_user()
user1.greet_user()
user1.increment_login_attempts()
user1.show_login_attempts()
user1.reset_login_attempts()
user1.show_login_attempts()

user2 = User("C", "D", 'Cdd', 0)
user2.describe_user()
user2.greet_user()
user2.increment_login_attempts()
user2.show_login_attempts()

admin1 = Admin("E", "F", 'EfF', 10)
admin1.describe_user()
admin1.greet_user()
admin1.privileges.privileges = ['can add post', 'can delete post']
admin1.privileges.show_privileges()

2.3 Output

A B's username is: Abb
Hello, A B
Now your login attempts are: 6
Now your login attempts are: 0
C D's username is: Cdd
Hello, C D
Now your login attempts are: 1
E F's username is: EfF
Hello, E F
Your privileges are:
-can add post
-can delete post

3 练习9-11 导入Admin类 参考答案

3.1 user.py

"""A collection of classes for modeling users."""

class User():
    """Represent a simple user profile."""

    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, username, email, location):
        """Initialize the user."""
        self.first_name = first_name.title()
        self.last_name = last_name.title()
        self.username = username
        self.email = email
        self.location = location.title()
        self.login_attempts = 0

    def describe_user(self):
        """Display a summary of the user's information."""
        print("\n" + self.first_name + " " + self.last_name)
        print("  Username: " + self.username)
        print("  Email: " + self.email)
        print("  Location: " + self.location)

    def greet_user(self):
        """Display a personalized greeting to the user."""
        print("\nWelcome back, " + self.username + "!")

    def increment_login_attempts(self):
        """Increment the value of login_attempts."""
        self.login_attempts += 1

    def reset_login_attempts(self):
        """Reset login_attempts to 0."""
        self.login_attempts = 0


class Admin(User):
    """A user with administrative privileges."""

    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, username, email, location):
        """Initialize the admin."""
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name, username, email, location)

        # Initialize an empty set of privileges.
        self.privileges = Privileges([])
    

class Privileges():
    """Stores privileges associated with an Admin account."""

    def __init__(self, privileges):
        """Initialize the privileges object."""
        self.privilege = privileges

    def show_privileges(self):
        """Display the privileges this administrator has."""
        for privilege in self.privileges:
            print("- " + privilege)

3.2 my_user.py

from user import Admin

eric = Admin('eric', 'matthes', 'e_matthes', 'e_matthes@example.com', 'alaska')
eric.describe_user()

eric_privileges = [
    'can reset passwords',
    'can moderate discussions',
    'can suspend accounts',
    ]
eric.privileges.privileges = eric_privileges

print("\nThe admin " + eric.username + " has these privileges: ")
eric.privileges.show_privileges()

3.3 Output

Eric Matthes
  Username: e_matthes
  Email: e_matthes@example.com
  Location: Alaska

The admin e_matthes has these privileges: 
- can reset passwords
- can moderate discussions
- can suspend accounts

4 结语

第46篇

重温Python，希望能学点有意思的东西
排解自己工作上的不顺

个人水平有限，有问题欢迎各位大神批评指正！