设 a 、 b 、 c a、b、c a、b、c 是某三角形得三条边的边长,且 a + b + c = 1 a+b+c=1 a+b+c=1 .若整数 n ≥ 2 , n\geq2, n≥2, 证明:
a n + b n n + b n + c n n + c n + a n n < 1 + 2 n 2 . \sqrt[n]{a^n+b^n}+\sqrt[n]{b^n+c^n}+\sqrt[n]{c^n+a^n}<1+\frac{\sqrt[n]2}2. nan+bn+nbn+cn+ncn+an<1+2n2.
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(b+\frac c2)^n=b^n+\frac c2C_n^1b^{n-1}+\frac{c^2}4C_n^2b^{n-2}+\cdots+\frac{c^n}{2^n}C_n^n
(b+2c)n=bn+2cCn1bn−1+4c2Cn2bn−2+⋯+2ncnCnn
≥ b n + [ 1 2 C n 1 + ( 1 2 ) 2 C n 2 + ⋯ + ( 1 2 ) n C n n ] c n \qquad\qquad\qquad\geq b^n+[\frac12C_n^1+(\frac12)^2C_n^2+\cdots+(\frac12)^nC_n^n]c^n ≥bn+[21Cn1+(21)2Cn2+⋯+(21)nCnn]cn
= b n + [ ( 1 2 + 1 ) n − 1 ] c n \qquad\qquad\qquad=b^n+[(\dfrac12+1)^n-1]c^n =bn+[(21+1)n−1]cn.
\qquad 因为 n ≥ 2 n\geq 2 n≥2,所以, ( 1 2 + 1 ) n − 1 > 1. (\dfrac12+1)^n-1>1. (21+1)n−1>1.从而, ( b + c 2 ) n > b n + c n (b+\frac c2)^n>b^n+c^n (b+2c)n>bn+cn.
\qquad 故 b n + c n n < b + c 2 . ⋯ ① \sqrt[n]{b^n+c^n}<b+\dfrac c2.\cdots① nbn+cn<b+2c.⋯①
\qquad 同理, a n + c n n < a + c 2 ⋯ ② \sqrt[n]{a^n+c^n}<a+\dfrac c2\cdots② nan+cn<a+2c⋯②.
\qquad 又因为 a < 1 2 , b < 1 2 a<\dfrac12,b<\dfrac12 a<21,b<21 , 所以,
\qquad a n + b n n < ( 1 2 ) n + ( 1 2 ) n n = 2 n 2 ⋯ ③ \sqrt[n]{a^n+b^n}<\sqrt[n]{(\frac12)^n+(\frac12)^n}=\frac{\sqrt[n]2}2\cdots③ nan+bn<n(21)n+(21)n=2n2⋯③
\qquad ①+②+③得 a n + b n n + b n + c n n + c n + a n n < 1 + 2 n 2 . \sqrt[n]{a^n+b^n}+\sqrt[n]{b^n+c^n}+\sqrt[n]{c^n+a^n}<1+\frac{\sqrt[n]2}2. nan+bn+nbn+cn+ncn+an<1+2n2.