Spring 允许外部化你的配置,这样你就可以在不同的环境中使用相同的应用程序代码,你可以使用properties文件、YAML文件、环境变量和命令行参数来外部化配置,属性值可以通过使用@Value注解直接注入到你的bean中,通过@Configuration,@PropertySource绑定到结构化对象。
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
/**
* 外部化配置作为依赖来源示例
*
*/
@Configuration
@PropertySource(value = "META-INF/default.properties",encoding="UTF-8")
public class ExternalConfigurationDependencySourceDemo {
@Value("${user.id:-1}")
private Long id;
@Value("${usr.name}")
private String name;
@Value("${user.resource:classpath://default.properties}")
private Resource resource;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建 BeanFactory 容器
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
// 注册 Configuration Class(配置类) -> Spring Bean
applicationContext.register(ExternalConfigurationDependencySourceDemo.class);
// 启动 Spring 应用上下文
applicationContext.refresh();
// 依赖查找 ExternalConfigurationDependencySourceDemo Bean
ExternalConfigurationDependencySourceDemo demo = applicationContext.getBean(ExternalConfigurationDependencySourceDemo.class);
System.out.println("demo.id = " + demo.id);
System.out.println("demo.name = " + demo.name);
System.out.println("demo.resource = " + demo.resource);
// 显示地关闭 Spring 应用上下文
applicationContext.close();
}
}
default.properties
user.id = 1
usr.name = 外部化配置示例
user.resource = classpath://META-INF/default.properties