TOEFL口语——TASK3的答题方法（学术场景General to Specific）

TASK3是基于学术场景的综合口语。

形式：

●A short reading (100 words) about an academic topic.
●A short lecture about the same topic.
●One or two examples of this topic.
 

READING
Behavior Modification
Individuals often modify their behavior based on what they have learned about the possible consequences of their actions. When an individual learns through experience that a certain behavior results in pleasant consequences, that behavior is likely to be repeated. An unpleasant consequence, on the other hand, discourages further repetition of the behavior. While behavior modification can be observed in experiments, it also occurs frequently in everyday settings, when individuals change their behavior based on what they have learned about the consequences of that behavior.
 

接着是一个lecture。

 

框架：

Stating the topic+Detail	"TOPIC is MAIN DEFINITION,"'
Transition	"The lecturer elaborates on this by providing an example/two examples."
First example/First part	"First of all, he mentions..."
Second example/Second part	"Secondly, he says...”

 

YOUR SAMPLE ANSWER
●Stating the topic
Behavior modification occurs when individuals change their behavior because of consequences.
●Giving the detail
Positive consequences cause people to repeat behavior; while negative consequences discourage repetition.
●Transition
The lecturer elaborates on this by providing an example.
●First reason
First of all, he mentions a student who has just started school. This student doesn't know the rules, so he runs around and interrupts class. He is punished by not being allowed to play outside, and thus he learns to avoid repeating this behavior.
●Second reason
Secondly, he says that the same student might later raise his hand to speak and pay attention during classes. After doing this he will be praised by his teacher, or get some nice stickers. This positive consequence will cause him to repeat his polite behavior in the future.

 

先解释定义，然后阐述lecture中的例子。