使用STM32实现触摸屏控制

为了实现触摸屏的控制，我们可以使用STM32微控制器和相应的触摸屏驱动IC。以下是一个基本的代码案例，用于演示如何使用STM32来控制触摸屏。

首先，我们需要设置STM32的相关引脚作为SPI总线的主机，以与触摸屏驱动IC进行通信。以下是一个示例代码，用于设置STM32的SPI总线：

#include "stm32f4xx.h"

void SPI_init(void) {
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
    SPI_InitTypeDef SPI_InitStructure;
  
    // Enable the SPI clock
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_SPI1, ENABLE);
  
    // Configure the SPI pins
    RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_5 | GPIO_Pin_6 | GPIO_Pin_7;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA, GPIO_PinSource5, GPIO_AF_SPI1);
    GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA, GPIO_PinSource6, GPIO_AF_SPI1);
    GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA, GPIO_PinSource7, GPIO_AF_SPI1);
    
    // Configure the SPI
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Direction = SPI_Direction_2Lines_FullDuplex;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Mode = SPI_Mode_Master;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_DataSize = SPI_DataSize_8b;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPOL = SPI_CPOL_Low;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPHA = SPI_CPHA_1Edge;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_NSS = SPI_NSS_Soft;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_2;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_FirstBit = SPI_FirstBit_MSB;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CRCPolynomial = 7;
    SPI_Init(SPI1, &SPI_InitStructure);
    
    SPI_Cmd(SPI1, ENABLE);
}

设置SPI总线之后，我们可以初始化触摸屏驱动IC。以下是一个示例代码，用于初始化MCU与触摸屏之间的通信：

#define TOUCH_CS_GPIO_PORT GPIOB
#define TOUCH_CS_PIN GPIO_Pin_0

void Touch_init(void) {
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
    
    RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
    
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = TOUCH_CS_PIN;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_OUT;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_Init(TOUCH_CS_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    
    // Set the CS pin high (not selected)
    GPIO_SetBits(TOUCH_CS_GPIO_PORT, TOUCH_CS_PIN);
}

初始化完成之后，我们可以编写代码来读取触摸屏的输入。以下是一个示例代码，用于读取触摸屏的坐标：

#define CMD_READ_X 0x90
#define CMD_READ_Y 0xD0

int Touch_readX(void) {
    int x;
    
    // Select the touch screen
    GPIO_ResetBits(TOUCH_CS_GPIO_PORT, TOUCH_CS_PIN);
    
    // Send the X read command
    SPI_I2S_SendData(SPI1, CMD_READ_X);
    while (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(SPI1, SPI_I2S_FLAG_RXNE) == RESET) {}
    SPI_I2S_ReceiveData(SPI1);
    
    // Read the X value
    SPI_I2S_SendData(SPI1, 0x00);
    while (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(SPI1, SPI_I2S_FLAG_RXNE) == RESET) {}
    x = SPI_I2S_ReceiveData(SPI1);
    
    // Deselect the touch screen
    GPIO_SetBits(TOUCH_CS_GPIO_PORT, TOUCH_CS_PIN);
    
    return x;
}

int Touch_readY(void) {
    int y;
    
    // Select the touch screen
    GPIO_ResetBits(TOUCH_CS_GPIO_PORT, TOUCH_CS_PIN);
    
    // Send the Y read command
    SPI_I2S_SendData(SPI1, CMD_READ_Y);
    while (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(SPI1, SPI_I2S_FLAG_RXNE) == RESET) {}
    SPI_I2S_ReceiveData(SPI1);
    
    // Read the Y value
    SPI_I2S_SendData(SPI1, 0x00);
    while (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(SPI1, SPI_I2S_FLAG_RXNE) == RESET) {}
    y = SPI_I2S_ReceiveData(SPI1);
    
    // Deselect the touch screen
    GPIO_SetBits(TOUCH_CS_GPIO_PORT, TOUCH_CS_PIN);
    
    return y;
}

我们可以在主循环中使用这些函数来读取触摸屏的坐标，并根据需要执行特定的操作。以下是一个示例代码，用于在控制台上打印触摸屏的坐标：

int main(void) {
    int x, y;
    
    SPI_init();
    Touch_init();
    
    while (1) {
        x = Touch_readX();
        y = Touch_readY();
        
        printf("Touch coordinates: X=%d, Y=%d\r\n", x, y);
        
        // 程序的其余部分
    }
}

这个代码案例演示了如何使用STM32来控制触摸屏。你可以根据自己的需求来扩展和修改代码，以实现其他功能。希望这个代码案例对你有所帮助！