深入学习java源码之LinkedBlockingQueue.offer()与LinkedBlockingQueue.fullyLock()

深入学习java源码之LinkedBlockingQueue.offer()与LinkedBlockingQueue.fullyLock()

Java集合类库将集合的接口与实现分离。同样的接口，可以有不同的实现。

Java集合类的基本接口是Collection接口。而Collection接口必须继承java.lang.Iterable接口。

以下图表示集合框架的接口，java.lang以及java.util两个包里的。其他部分可以从左向右看，比如Collection的Subinterfaces有List，Set以及Queue等。

LinkedBlockingQueue内部由单链表实现，只能从head取元素，从tail添加元素。添加元素和获取元素都有独立的锁，也就是说LinkedBlockingQueue是读写分离的，读写操作可以并行执行。换句话说，虽然入队和出队两个操作同时均只能有一个线程操作，但是可以一个入队线程和一个出队线程共同执行，也就意味着可能同时有两个线程在操作队列，那么为了维持线程安全，LinkedBlockingQueue使用一个AtomicInterger类型的变量表示当前队列中含有的元素个数，所以可以确保两个线程之间操作底层队列是线程安全的。

LinkedBlockingQueue采用可重入锁(ReentrantLock)来保证在并发情况下的线程安全。

LinkedBlockingQueue内部是使用链表实现一个队列的，但是却有别于一般的队列，在于该队列至少有一个节点，头节点不含有元素。结构图如下： 

put元素原理

基本过程：

1.判断元素是否为null，为null抛出异常

2.加锁(可中断锁)

3.判断队列长度是否到达容量，如果到达一直等待

4.如果没有队满，enqueue()在队尾加入元素

5.队列长度加1，此时如果队列还没有满，调用signal唤醒其他堵塞队列

  if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        
         int c = -1;
         Node<E> node = new Node<E>(e);
         final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
         final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
         putLock.lockInterruptibly();
         try {
             while (count.get() == capacity) {
                 notFull.await();
             }
             enqueue(node);
             c = count.getAndIncrement();
             if (c + 1 < capacity)
                 notFull.signal();
         } finally {
             putLock.unlock();
         }

take元素原理

 基本过程：

1.加锁(依旧是ReentrantLock)，注意这里的锁和写入是不同的两把锁

2.判断队列是否为空，如果为空就一直等待

3.通过dequeue方法取得数据

3.取走元素后队列是否为空，如果不为空唤醒其他等待中的队列

 public E take() throws InterruptedException {
         E x;
         int c = -1;
         final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
         final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
         takeLock.lockInterruptibly();
         try {
             while (count.get() == 0) {
                 notEmpty.await();
             }
             x = dequeue();
             c = count.getAndDecrement();
             if (c > 1)
                 notEmpty.signal();
         } finally {
             takeLock.unlock();
         }
         if (c == capacity)
             signalNotFull();
         return x;
     }

总结
LinkedBlockingQueue可以与ArrayBlockingQueue做一个比较。 
相同点有如下2点： 
1. 不允许元素为null 
2. 线程安全的队列

不同点有如下几点： 
1. ArrayBlockingQueue底层基于定长的数组，所以容量限制了；LinkedBlockingQueue底层基于链表实现队列，所以容量可选，如果不设置，那么容量是int的最大值 
2. ArrayBlockingQueue内部维持一把锁和两个条件，同一时刻只能有一个线程队列的一端操作；LinkedBlockingQueue内部维持两把锁和两个条件，同一时刻可以有两个线程在队列的两端操作，但同一时刻只能有一个线程在一端操作。 
3. LinkedBlockingQueue的remove()类似方法时，由于需要对整个队列链表实现遍历，所以需要获取两把锁，对两端加锁。

java源码

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
void	clear() 从这个队列中原子地删除所有的元素。
boolean	contains(Object o) 如果此队列包含指定的元素，则返回 true 。
int	drainTo(Collection<? super E> c) 从该队列中删除所有可用的元素，并将它们添加到给定的集合中。
int	drainTo(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements) 最多从该队列中删除给定数量的可用元素，并将它们添加到给定的集合中。
Iterator<E>	iterator() 以适当的顺序返回该队列中的元素的迭代器。
boolean	offer(E e) 如果可以在不超过队列的容量的情况下立即将其指定的元素插入到队列的尾部，如果队列已满，则返回 true和 false 。
boolean	offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) 在该队列的尾部插入指定的元素，必要时等待指定的等待时间才能使空间变得可用。
E	peek() 检索但不删除此队列的头，如果此队列为空，则返回 null 。
E	poll() 检索并删除此队列的头部，如果此队列为空，则返回 null 。
E	poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) 检索并删除此队列的头，等待指定的等待时间（如有必要）使元素变为可用。
void	put(E e) 在该队列的尾部插入指定的元素，如果需要，等待空格变为可用。
int	remainingCapacity() 返回此队列可以理想地（在没有内存或资源限制）的情况下接受而不阻止的附加元素数。
boolean	remove(Object o) 从该队列中删除指定元素的单个实例（如果存在）。
int	size() 返回此队列中的元素数。
Spliterator<E>	spliterator() 在此队列中的元素上返回Spliterator 。
E	take() 检索并删除此队列的头，如有必要，等待元素可用。
Object[]	toArray() 以适当的顺序返回一个包含此队列中所有元素的数组。
<T> T[]	toArray(T[] a) 以适当的顺序返回包含此队列中所有元素的数组; 返回的数组的运行时类型是指定数组的运行时类型。
String	toString() 返回此集合的字符串表示形式。

package java.util.concurrent;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import java.util.AbstractQueue;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Spliterator;
import java.util.Spliterators;
import java.util.function.Consumer;

public class LinkedBlockingQueue<E> extends AbstractQueue<E>
        implements BlockingQueue<E>, java.io.Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6903933977591709194L;

    static class Node<E> {
        E item;

        Node<E> next;

        Node(E x) { item = x; }
    }

    private final int capacity;

    private final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();

    transient Node<E> head;

    private transient Node<E> last;

    private final ReentrantLock takeLock = new ReentrantLock();

    private final Condition notEmpty = takeLock.newCondition();

    private final ReentrantLock putLock = new ReentrantLock();
	
    private final Condition notFull = putLock.newCondition();	
	
    private void signalNotEmpty() {
        final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
        takeLock.lock();
        try {
            notEmpty.signal();
        } finally {
            takeLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    private void signalNotFull() {
        final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
        putLock.lock();
        try {
            notFull.signal();
        } finally {
            putLock.unlock();
        }
    }	
	
    private void enqueue(Node<E> node) {
        last = last.next = node;
    }	
	
	
    private E dequeue() {
        Node<E> h = head;
        Node<E> first = h.next;
        h.next = h; // help GC
        head = first;
        E x = first.item;
        first.item = null;
        return x;
    }

    void fullyLock() {
        putLock.lock();
        takeLock.lock();
    }

    void fullyUnlock() {
        takeLock.unlock();
        putLock.unlock();
    }

    public LinkedBlockingQueue() {
        this(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }

    public LinkedBlockingQueue(int capacity) {
        if (capacity <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        this.capacity = capacity;
        last = head = new Node<E>(null);
    }

    public LinkedBlockingQueue(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        this(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
        putLock.lock(); // Never contended, but necessary for visibility
        try {
            int n = 0;
            for (E e : c) {
                if (e == null)
                    throw new NullPointerException();
                if (n == capacity)
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Queue full");
                enqueue(new Node<E>(e));
                ++n;
            }
            count.set(n);
        } finally {
            putLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public int size() {
        return count.get();
    }

    public int remainingCapacity() {
        return capacity - count.get();
    }	
	
    public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException {
        if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        // Note: convention in all put/take/etc is to preset local var
        // holding count negative to indicate failure unless set.
        int c = -1;
        Node<E> node = new Node<E>(e);
        final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
        final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
        putLock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            /*
             * Note that count is used in wait guard even though it is
             * not protected by lock. This works because count can
             * only decrease at this point (all other puts are shut
             * out by lock), and we (or some other waiting put) are
             * signalled if it ever changes from capacity. Similarly
             * for all other uses of count in other wait guards.
             */
            while (count.get() == capacity) {
                notFull.await();
            }
            enqueue(node);
            c = count.getAndIncrement();
            if (c + 1 < capacity)
                notFull.signal();
        } finally {
            putLock.unlock();
        }
        if (c == 0)
            signalNotEmpty();
    }	
	
    public boolean offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException {

        if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
        int c = -1;
        final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
        final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
        putLock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            while (count.get() == capacity) {
                if (nanos <= 0)
                    return false;
                nanos = notFull.awaitNanos(nanos);
            }
            enqueue(new Node<E>(e));
            c = count.getAndIncrement();
            if (c + 1 < capacity)
                notFull.signal();
        } finally {
            putLock.unlock();
        }
        if (c == 0)
            signalNotEmpty();
        return true;
    }	
	
    public boolean offer(E e) {
        if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
        if (count.get() == capacity)
            return false;
        int c = -1;
        Node<E> node = new Node<E>(e);
        final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
        putLock.lock();
        try {
            if (count.get() < capacity) {
                enqueue(node);
                c = count.getAndIncrement();
                if (c + 1 < capacity)
                    notFull.signal();
            }
        } finally {
            putLock.unlock();
        }
        if (c == 0)
            signalNotEmpty();
        return c >= 0;
    }

    public E take() throws InterruptedException {
        E x;
        int c = -1;
        final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
        final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
        takeLock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            while (count.get() == 0) {
                notEmpty.await();
            }
            x = dequeue();
            c = count.getAndDecrement();
            if (c > 1)
                notEmpty.signal();
        } finally {
            takeLock.unlock();
        }
        if (c == capacity)
            signalNotFull();
        return x;
    }

    public E poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
        E x = null;
        int c = -1;
        long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
        final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
        final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
        takeLock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            while (count.get() == 0) {
                if (nanos <= 0)
                    return null;
                nanos = notEmpty.awaitNanos(nanos);
            }
            x = dequeue();
            c = count.getAndDecrement();
            if (c > 1)
                notEmpty.signal();
        } finally {
            takeLock.unlock();
        }
        if (c == capacity)
            signalNotFull();
        return x;
    }

    public E poll() {
        final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
        if (count.get() == 0)
            return null;
        E x = null;
        int c = -1;
        final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
        takeLock.lock();
        try {
            if (count.get() > 0) {
                x = dequeue();
                c = count.getAndDecrement();
                if (c > 1)
                    notEmpty.signal();
            }
        } finally {
            takeLock.unlock();
        }
        if (c == capacity)
            signalNotFull();
        return x;
    }

    public E peek() {
        if (count.get() == 0)
            return null;
        final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
        takeLock.lock();
        try {
            Node<E> first = head.next;
            if (first == null)
                return null;
            else
                return first.item;
        } finally {
            takeLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    void unlink(Node<E> p, Node<E> trail) {
        p.item = null;
        trail.next = p.next;
        if (last == p)
            last = trail;
        if (count.getAndDecrement() == capacity)
            notFull.signal();
    }

    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        if (o == null) return false;
        fullyLock();
        try {
            for (Node<E> trail = head, p = trail.next;
                 p != null;
                 trail = p, p = p.next) {
                if (o.equals(p.item)) {
                    unlink(p, trail);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        } finally {
            fullyUnlock();
        }
    }

    public boolean contains(Object o) {
        if (o == null) return false;
        fullyLock();
        try {
            for (Node<E> p = head.next; p != null; p = p.next)
                if (o.equals(p.item))
                    return true;
            return false;
        } finally {
            fullyUnlock();
        }
    }

    public Object[] toArray() {
        fullyLock();
        try {
            int size = count.get();
            Object[] a = new Object[size];
            int k = 0;
            for (Node<E> p = head.next; p != null; p = p.next)
                a[k++] = p.item;
            return a;
        } finally {
            fullyUnlock();
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
        fullyLock();
        try {
            int size = count.get();
            if (a.length < size)
                a = (T[])java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance
                    (a.getClass().getComponentType(), size);

            int k = 0;
            for (Node<E> p = head.next; p != null; p = p.next)
                a[k++] = (T)p.item;
            if (a.length > k)
                a[k] = null;
            return a;
        } finally {
            fullyUnlock();
        }
    }

    public String toString() {
        fullyLock();
        try {
            Node<E> p = head.next;
            if (p == null)
                return "[]";

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.append('[');
            for (;;) {
                E e = p.item;
                sb.append(e == this ? "(this Collection)" : e);
                p = p.next;
                if (p == null)
                    return sb.append(']').toString();
                sb.append(',').append(' ');
            }
        } finally {
            fullyUnlock();
        }
    }

    public void clear() {
        fullyLock();
        try {
            for (Node<E> p, h = head; (p = h.next) != null; h = p) {
                h.next = h;
                p.item = null;
            }
            head = last;
            // assert head.item == null && head.next == null;
            if (count.getAndSet(0) == capacity)
                notFull.signal();
        } finally {
            fullyUnlock();
        }
    }

    public int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c) {
        return drainTo(c, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }

    public int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements) {
        if (c == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (c == this)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (maxElements <= 0)
            return 0;
        boolean signalNotFull = false;
        final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
        takeLock.lock();
        try {
            int n = Math.min(maxElements, count.get());
            // count.get provides visibility to first n Nodes
            Node<E> h = head;
            int i = 0;
            try {
                while (i < n) {
                    Node<E> p = h.next;
                    c.add(p.item);
                    p.item = null;
                    h.next = h;
                    h = p;
                    ++i;
                }
                return n;
            } finally {
                // Restore invariants even if c.add() threw
                if (i > 0) {
                    // assert h.item == null;
                    head = h;
                    signalNotFull = (count.getAndAdd(-i) == capacity);
                }
            }
        } finally {
            takeLock.unlock();
            if (signalNotFull)
                signalNotFull();
        }
    }

    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
        return new Itr();
    }

    private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {

        private Node<E> current;
        private Node<E> lastRet;
        private E currentElement;

        Itr() {
            fullyLock();
            try {
                current = head.next;
                if (current != null)
                    currentElement = current.item;
            } finally {
                fullyUnlock();
            }
        }

        public boolean hasNext() {
            return current != null;
        }
        private Node<E> nextNode(Node<E> p) {
            for (;;) {
                Node<E> s = p.next;
                if (s == p)
                    return head.next;
                if (s == null || s.item != null)
                    return s;
                p = s;
            }
        }

        public E next() {
            fullyLock();
            try {
                if (current == null)
                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
                E x = currentElement;
                lastRet = current;
                current = nextNode(current);
                currentElement = (current == null) ? null : current.item;
                return x;
            } finally {
                fullyUnlock();
            }
        }

        public void remove() {
            if (lastRet == null)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            fullyLock();
            try {
                Node<E> node = lastRet;
                lastRet = null;
                for (Node<E> trail = head, p = trail.next;
                     p != null;
                     trail = p, p = p.next) {
                    if (p == node) {
                        unlink(p, trail);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                fullyUnlock();
            }
        }
    }

    /** A customized variant of Spliterators.IteratorSpliterator */
    static final class LBQSpliterator<E> implements Spliterator<E> {
        static final int MAX_BATCH = 1 << 25;  // max batch array size;
        final LinkedBlockingQueue<E> queue;
        Node<E> current;    // current node; null until initialized
        int batch;          // batch size for splits
        boolean exhausted;  // true when no more nodes
        long est;           // size estimate
        LBQSpliterator(LinkedBlockingQueue<E> queue) {
            this.queue = queue;
            this.est = queue.size();
        }

        public long estimateSize() { return est; }

        public Spliterator<E> trySplit() {
            Node<E> h;
            final LinkedBlockingQueue<E> q = this.queue;
            int b = batch;
            int n = (b <= 0) ? 1 : (b >= MAX_BATCH) ? MAX_BATCH : b + 1;
            if (!exhausted &&
                ((h = current) != null || (h = q.head.next) != null) &&
                h.next != null) {
                Object[] a = new Object[n];
                int i = 0;
                Node<E> p = current;
                q.fullyLock();
                try {
                    if (p != null || (p = q.head.next) != null) {
                        do {
                            if ((a[i] = p.item) != null)
                                ++i;
                        } while ((p = p.next) != null && i < n);
                    }
                } finally {
                    q.fullyUnlock();
                }
                if ((current = p) == null) {
                    est = 0L;
                    exhausted = true;
                }
                else if ((est -= i) < 0L)
                    est = 0L;
                if (i > 0) {
                    batch = i;
                    return Spliterators.spliterator
                        (a, 0, i, Spliterator.ORDERED | Spliterator.NONNULL |
                         Spliterator.CONCURRENT);
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> action) {
            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
            final LinkedBlockingQueue<E> q = this.queue;
            if (!exhausted) {
                exhausted = true;
                Node<E> p = current;
                do {
                    E e = null;
                    q.fullyLock();
                    try {
                        if (p == null)
                            p = q.head.next;
                        while (p != null) {
                            e = p.item;
                            p = p.next;
                            if (e != null)
                                break;
                        }
                    } finally {
                        q.fullyUnlock();
                    }
                    if (e != null)
                        action.accept(e);
                } while (p != null);
            }
        }

        public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super E> action) {
            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
            final LinkedBlockingQueue<E> q = this.queue;
            if (!exhausted) {
                E e = null;
                q.fullyLock();
                try {
                    if (current == null)
                        current = q.head.next;
                    while (current != null) {
                        e = current.item;
                        current = current.next;
                        if (e != null)
                            break;
                    }
                } finally {
                    q.fullyUnlock();
                }
                if (current == null)
                    exhausted = true;
                if (e != null) {
                    action.accept(e);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        public int characteristics() {
            return Spliterator.ORDERED | Spliterator.NONNULL |
                Spliterator.CONCURRENT;
        }
    }

    public Spliterator<E> spliterator() {
        return new LBQSpliterator<E>(this);
    }

    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
        throws java.io.IOException {

        fullyLock();
        try {
            // Write out any hidden stuff, plus capacity
            s.defaultWriteObject();

            // Write out all elements in the proper order.
            for (Node<E> p = head.next; p != null; p = p.next)
                s.writeObject(p.item);

            // Use trailing null as sentinel
            s.writeObject(null);
        } finally {
            fullyUnlock();
        }
    }

    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
        throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        // Read in capacity, and any hidden stuff
        s.defaultReadObject();

        count.set(0);
        last = head = new Node<E>(null);

        // Read in all elements and place in queue
        for (;;) {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            E item = (E)s.readObject();
            if (item == null)
                break;
            add(item);
        }
    }
}

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
boolean	add(E e) 将指定的元素插入到此队列中，如果可以立即执行此操作而不违反容量限制， 则在成功后返回 true，如果当前没有可用空间，则抛出IllegalStateException。
boolean	addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) 将指定集合中的所有元素添加到此队列中。
void	clear() 从此队列中删除所有元素。
E	element() 检索，但不删除，这个队列的头。
E	remove() 检索并删除此队列的头。

package java.util;

public abstract class AbstractQueue<E>
    extends AbstractCollection<E>
    implements Queue<E> {
	
    protected AbstractQueue() {
    }	
	
    public boolean add(E e) {
        if (offer(e))
            return true;
        else
            throw new IllegalStateException("Queue full");
    }	
	
    public E remove() {
        E x = poll();
        if (x != null)
            return x;
        else
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
    }

    public E element() {
        E x = peek();
        if (x != null)
            return x;
        else
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
    }

    public void clear() {
        while (poll() != null)
            ;
    }

    public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        if (c == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (c == this)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        boolean modified = false;
        for (E e : c)
            if (add(e))
                modified = true;
        return modified;
    }
}

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
boolean	add(E e) 确保此集合包含指定的元素（可选操作）。
boolean	addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) 将指定集合中的所有元素添加到此集合（可选操作）。
void	clear() 从此集合中删除所有元素（可选操作）。
boolean	contains(Object o) 如果此集合包含指定的元素，则返回 true 。
boolean	containsAll(Collection<?> c) 如果此集合包含指定 集合中的所有元素，则返回true。
boolean	isEmpty() 如果此集合不包含元素，则返回 true 。
abstract Iterator<E>	iterator() 返回包含在该集合中的元素的迭代器。
boolean	remove(Object o) 从该集合中删除指定元素的单个实例（如果存在）（可选操作）。
boolean	removeAll(Collection<?> c) 删除指定集合中包含的所有此集合的元素（可选操作）。
boolean	retainAll(Collection<?> c) 仅保留此集合中包含在指定集合中的元素（可选操作）。
abstract int	size() 返回此集合中的元素数。
Object[]	toArray() 返回一个包含此集合中所有元素的数组。
<T> T[]	toArray(T[] a) 返回包含此集合中所有元素的数组; 返回的数组的运行时类型是指定数组的运行时类型。
String	toString() 返回此集合的字符串表示形式。

package java.util;

public abstract class AbstractCollection<E> implements Collection<E> {

    protected AbstractCollection() {
    }

    public abstract Iterator<E> iterator();

    public abstract int size();

    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size() == 0;
    }

    public boolean contains(Object o) {
        Iterator<E> it = iterator();
        if (o==null) {
            while (it.hasNext())
                if (it.next()==null)
                    return true;
        } else {
            while (it.hasNext())
                if (o.equals(it.next()))
                    return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public Object[] toArray() {
        // Estimate size of array; be prepared to see more or fewer elements
        Object[] r = new Object[size()];
        Iterator<E> it = iterator();
        for (int i = 0; i < r.length; i++) {
            if (! it.hasNext()) // fewer elements than expected
                return Arrays.copyOf(r, i);
            r[i] = it.next();
        }
        return it.hasNext() ? finishToArray(r, it) : r;
    }
	
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
        // Estimate size of array; be prepared to see more or fewer elements
        int size = size();
        T[] r = a.length >= size ? a :
                  (T[])java.lang.reflect.Array
                  .newInstance(a.getClass().getComponentType(), size);
        Iterator<E> it = iterator();

        for (int i = 0; i < r.length; i++) {
            if (! it.hasNext()) { // fewer elements than expected
                if (a == r) {
                    r[i] = null; // null-terminate
                } else if (a.length < i) {
                    return Arrays.copyOf(r, i);
                } else {
                    System.arraycopy(r, 0, a, 0, i);
                    if (a.length > i) {
                        a[i] = null;
                    }
                }
                return a;
            }
            r[i] = (T)it.next();
        }
        // more elements than expected
        return it.hasNext() ? finishToArray(r, it) : r;
    }	
	
    private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;	
	
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private static <T> T[] finishToArray(T[] r, Iterator<?> it) {
        int i = r.length;
        while (it.hasNext()) {
            int cap = r.length;
            if (i == cap) {
                int newCap = cap + (cap >> 1) + 1;
                // overflow-conscious code
                if (newCap - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
                    newCap = hugeCapacity(cap + 1);
                r = Arrays.copyOf(r, newCap);
            }
            r[i++] = (T)it.next();
        }
        // trim if overallocated
        return (i == r.length) ? r : Arrays.copyOf(r, i);
    }

    private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
            throw new OutOfMemoryError
                ("Required array size too large");
        return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
            Integer.MAX_VALUE :
            MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
    }	
	
    public boolean add(E e) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }	
	
    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        Iterator<E> it = iterator();
        if (o==null) {
            while (it.hasNext()) {
                if (it.next()==null) {
                    it.remove();
                    return true;
                }
            }
        } else {
            while (it.hasNext()) {
                if (o.equals(it.next())) {
                    it.remove();
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }	
	
    public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
        for (Object e : c)
            if (!contains(e))
                return false;
        return true;
    }	
	
    public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        boolean modified = false;
        for (E e : c)
            if (add(e))
                modified = true;
        return modified;
    }	
	
    public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(c);
        boolean modified = false;
        Iterator<?> it = iterator();
        while (it.hasNext()) {
            if (c.contains(it.next())) {
                it.remove();
                modified = true;
            }
        }
        return modified;
    }	
	
    public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(c);
        boolean modified = false;
        Iterator<E> it = iterator();
        while (it.hasNext()) {
            if (!c.contains(it.next())) {
                it.remove();
                modified = true;
            }
        }
        return modified;
    }
	
    public void clear() {
        Iterator<E> it = iterator();
        while (it.hasNext()) {
            it.next();
            it.remove();
        }
    }	
	
    public String toString() {
        Iterator<E> it = iterator();
        if (! it.hasNext())
            return "[]";

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append('[');
        for (;;) {
            E e = it.next();
            sb.append(e == this ? "(this Collection)" : e);
            if (! it.hasNext())
                return sb.append(']').toString();
            sb.append(',').append(' ');
        }
    }

}	

 

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
boolean	add(E e) 将指定的元素插入到此队列中，如果可以立即执行此操作而不违反容量限制， true在成功后返回 IllegalStateException如果当前没有可用空间，则抛出IllegalStateException。
boolean	contains(Object o) 如果此队列包含指定的元素，则返回 true 。
int	drainTo(Collection<? super E> c) 从该队列中删除所有可用的元素，并将它们添加到给定的集合中。
int	drainTo(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements) 最多从该队列中删除给定数量的可用元素，并将它们添加到给定的集合中。
boolean	offer(E e) 将指定的元素插入到此队列中，如果可以立即执行此操作，而不会违反容量限制， true在成功时 false如果当前没有可用空间，则返回false。
boolean	offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) 将指定的元素插入到此队列中，等待指定的等待时间（如有必要）才能使空间变得可用。
E	poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) 检索并删除此队列的头，等待指定的等待时间（如有必要）使元素变为可用。
void	put(E e) 将指定的元素插入到此队列中，等待空格可用。
int	remainingCapacity() 返回该队列最好可以（在没有存储器或资源约束）接受而不会阻塞，或附加的元素的数量 Integer.MAX_VALUE如果没有固有的限制。
boolean	remove(Object o) 从该队列中删除指定元素的单个实例（如果存在）。
E	take() 检索并删除此队列的头，如有必要，等待元素可用。

package java.util.concurrent;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Queue;


public interface BlockingQueue<E> extends Queue<E> {

    boolean add(E e);

    boolean offer(E e);

    void put(E e) throws InterruptedException;

    boolean offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException;


    E take() throws InterruptedException;

    E poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException;

    int remainingCapacity();

    boolean remove(Object o);	
	
    public boolean contains(Object o);	
	
    int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c);	
	
    int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements);
}	

 

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
boolean	add(E e) 将指定的元素插入到此队列中，如果可以立即执行此操作，而不会违反容量限制， true在成功后返回 IllegalStateException如果当前没有可用空间，则抛出IllegalStateException。
E	element() 检索，但不删除，这个队列的头。
boolean	offer(E e) 如果在不违反容量限制的情况下立即执行，则将指定的元素插入到此队列中。
E	peek() 检索但不删除此队列的头，如果此队列为空，则返回 null 。
E	poll() 检索并删除此队列的头，如果此队列为空，则返回 null 。
E	remove() 检索并删除此队列的头。

package java.util;

public interface Queue<E> extends Collection<E> {

    boolean add(E e);

    boolean offer(E e);

    E remove();
	
    E poll();	
	
    E element();	
	
    E peek();
}