Android基础——多媒体编程

松仔log

已于 2024-03-12 17:10:54 修改

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分类专栏： # Android基础文章标签： android java android studio

于 2021-08-05 09:30:40 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35258036/article/details/119180860

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多媒体

多媒体是什么？
通知
调用摄像头
调用相册
播放音频
播放视频

多媒体是什么？

多媒体包括视频、音频等一系列娱乐功能。

通知

当应用程序不在前台运行，但又希望给用户发送信息时，就需要借助通知。发出通知后，手机状态栏会有通知图标，下拉状态栏可以查看具体的通知内容。

修改activity_main：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/notice"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="send notice"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"/>

</LinearLayout>

为按钮添加点击事件：

创建PendingIntent为通知的点击事件，第一个参数为context，第二个参数为0，第三个参数为intent，第四个参数为0
通过getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)获取NotificationManager
通过Notification.Builder构建出Builder实例，设置相关属性
如果SDK大于26还需要创建NotificationChannel并设置setChannelId
通过builder.build()构建Notification实例
调用NotificationManager的notify()方法，传入唯一id和Notification实例

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button start = findViewById(R.id.start_service);

        start.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, otherActivity.class);
                PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(MainActivity.this, 0, intent, 0);
                NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
                Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(MainActivity.this)
                        .setContentTitle("title")
                        .setContentText("text")
                        .setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())
                        .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
                        .setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_launcher))
                        .setContentIntent(pendingIntent)
                        .setAutoCancel(true);
                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > 26) {
                    NotificationChannel notificationChannel = new NotificationChannel("1", "test", NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT);
                    notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(notificationChannel);
                    builder.setChannelId("1");
                }
                Notification notification = builder.build();
                notificationManager.notify(1,notification);
            }
        });
    }
}

效果图：
在这里插入图片描述
另外，取消通知还可以通过，其中1为创建时的id：

NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
notificationManager.cancel(1);

通知还可以加上音频提醒：

.setsound(Uri.fromFile(new File("/system/media/audio/ringtones/Luna.ogg")))

加上震动，接受长整型数组，偶数下标为静止时间，奇数下标为震动时间，震动需要申明权限VIBRATE：

.setVibrate(new long[]{0,1000,1000,1000})

加上LED呼吸灯，第一个参数为颜色，第二个参数为亮灯时长，第三个参数为暗灯时长：

.setLights(Color.GREEN,1000,1000)

如果需要显示长文字：

.setStyle(new NotificationCompat.BigTextStyle().bigText("xxxxxxxxxxxx"))

显示图片：

.setStyle(new NotificationCompat.BigPictureStyle().bigPicture(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_launcher)))

设置优先级，有default、low、min、high、max可选：

.setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_MAX)

调用摄像头

修改activity.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/take_photo"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="take photo" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/picture"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" />
</LinearLayout>

修改MainActivity：

创建File对象存储照片，通过getExternalCacheDir()方法放在sd卡应用关联缓存目录，具体为/sdcard/Android/data/<package name>/cache。如果放到其他位置需要进行运行时权限处理。
sdk不大于24就调用Uri.fromFile转换成Uri对象，此时Uri标识真实路径
但sdk24之后就不允许使用真实路径Uri，调用FileProvider.getUriForFile()方法将File对象转换成封装过的Uri对象，第一个参数为context，第二个参数为任意唯一字符串，第三个参数为File对象
构建intent对象指定图片的输出地址
拍照完回调onActivityResult()方法，解析照片进行显示

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    public static final int TAKE_PHOTO = 1;
    private ImageView picture;
    private Uri imageUri;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Button takePhoto = findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
        picture = findViewById(R.id.picture);
        takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                File outputImage = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "outputImage.jpg");
                try {
                    if (outputImage.exists()) {
                        outputImage.delete();
                    }
                    outputImage.createNewFile();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) {
                    imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this, "com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider", outputImage);
                } else {
                    imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outputImage);
                }
                Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
                startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PHOTO);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        switch (requestCode) {
            case TAKE_PHOTO:
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                    try {
                        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
                        picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
}

在Mainifest声明provider：

name为固定
authorities与FileProvider.getUriForFile()方法第二个参数一致
<meta-data>指定Uri路径，并引用一个资源

<provider
            android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
            android:authorities="com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider"
            android:exported="false"
            android:grantUriPermissions="true">
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />

在res下创建xml文件夹并创建file_paths.xml：

external-path指定Uri共享，
name随便填
path表示共享路径，空为整个sd卡共享

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-path
        name="my_image"
        path=""/>
</paths>

调用相册

修改activity.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/choose_from_album"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="choose from album" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/picture"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" />
</LinearLayout>

修改MainActivity：

首先获取读写sd卡的运行时权限处理
构建Intent跳转到相册程序选择照片
回调onActivityResult根据sdk分别处理

因为sdk19以后就不能返回图片真实的Uri了，而是一个封装过的Uri
当大于sdk19时，还要分别判断Uri类型
当小于sdk19时，可直接从返回数据获取Uri

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    public static final int CHOOSE_PHOTO = 2;

    private ImageView picture;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

		picture = findViewById(R.id.picture);
        Button chooseFromAlbum = findViewById(R.id.choose_from_album);
        chooseFromAlbum.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if ((ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)) {
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 1);
                } else {
                    openAlbum();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case 1:
                if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    openAlbum();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "you denied the permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            default:
        }
    }


    private void openAlbum() {
        Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
        intent.setType("image/*");
        startActivityForResult(intent, CHOOSE_PHOTO);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        switch (requestCode) {
            case CHOOSE_PHOTO:
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
                        handleImageOnKitkat(data);
                    } else {
                        handleImageBeforeKitkat(data);
                    }
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    private void handleImageBeforeKitkat(Intent data) {
        Uri uri = data.getData();
        String ImagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
        displayImage(ImagePath);

    }

    @TargetApi(19)
    private void handleImageOnKitkat(Intent data) {
        String imagePath = null;
        Uri uri = data.getData();
        if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this, uri)) {
            String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            if ("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
                String id = docId.split(":")[1];
                String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
                imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, selection);
            } else if ("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
                Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(docId));
                imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri, null);
            }
        } else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
        } else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            imagePath = uri.getPath();
        }
        displayImage(imagePath);
    }


    private void displayImage(String imagePath) {
        if (imagePath != null) {
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
            picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "fail to get image", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    private String getImagePath(Uri externalContentUri, String selection) {
        String path = null;
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(externalContentUri, null, selection, null, null);
        if (cursor != null) {
            if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
            }
            cursor.close();
        }
        return path;
    }
}

播放音频

修改activity_main：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/play"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="play" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/pause"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="pause" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/stop"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="stop" />

</LinearLayout>

添加权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

修改MainActivity，获取运行时权限，并设置点击事件：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer =new MediaPlayer();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        if ((ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 1);
        } else {
            initMediaPlayer();
        }
        Button play = findViewById(R.id.play);
        play.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (!mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
                    mediaPlayer.start();
                }
            }
        });
        Button pause = findViewById(R.id.pause);
        pause.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
                    mediaPlayer.pause();
                }
            }
        });
        Button stop = findViewById(R.id.stop);
        if (mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
            mediaPlayer.stop();
        }
    }

    private void initMediaPlayer() {
        File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "music.mp3");
        try {
            mediaPlayer.setDataSource(file.getPath());
            mediaPlayer.prepare();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case 1:
                if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    initMediaPlayer();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "you denied the permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    finish();
                }
                break;
            default:
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (mediaPlayer != null) {
            mediaPlayer.stop();
            mediaPlayer.release();
        }
    }
}

播放视频

修改activity_main.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/play"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="play" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/pause"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="pause" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/replay"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="replay" />

    </LinearLayout>

    <VideoView
        android:id="@+id/video_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

添加权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

修改MainActivity，获取运行时权限：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private VideoView videoView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        if ((ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 1);
        } else {
            initVideo();
        }
        videoView = findViewById(R.id.video_view);
        Button play = findViewById(R.id.play);
        play.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (!videoView.isPlaying()) {
                    videoView.start();
                }
            }
        });
        Button pause = findViewById(R.id.pause);
        pause.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (videoView.isPlaying()) {
                    videoView.pause();
                }
            }
        });
        Button replay = findViewById(R.id.replay);
        replay.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (videoView.isPlaying()) {
                    videoView.resume();
                }
            }
        });

    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case 1:
                if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    initVideo();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "you denied the permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    finish();
                }
                break;
            default:
        }
    }

    private void initVideo() {
        File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "movie.mp4");
        videoView.setVideoPath(file.getPath());
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (videoView != null) {
            videoView.suspend();
        }
    }
}

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Android基础——多媒体编程

多媒体多媒体是什么？通知三级目录多媒体是什么？多媒体包括视频、音频等一系列娱乐功能。通知当应用程序不在前台运行，但又希望给用户发送信息时，就需要借助通知。发出通知后，手机状态栏会有通知图标，下拉状态栏可以查看具体的通知内容。修改activity_main：为按钮添加点击事件：Button button = findViewById(R.id.notice); button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
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