OpenCV3之——图像分割（分水岭算法watershed（））

分水岭计算分两个步骤：一个是排序过程，一个是淹没的过程。首先对每个像素的灰度级进行从低到高的排序，然后从低到高实现淹没过程，对每一个局部极小值在h阶高度的影响域采用先进先出的结构进行判断及标注。分水岭变换得到的是输入图像的集水盆地图像，集水盆地的边界点，即为分水岭。显然，分水岭表示的是输入图像的极大值点。

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

#define WINDOW_NAME1 "程序窗口1"

Mat g_maskImage, g_srcImage;
Point prevPt(-1, -1);

static void on_Mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void*);

int main(int argc,char** argv) {
	g_srcImage = imread("1.jpg");
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);
	Mat srcImage, grayImage;
	g_srcImage.copyTo(srcImage);
	cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_maskImage, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	cvtColor(g_maskImage, grayImage, COLOR_GRAY2BGR);
	g_maskImage = Scalar::all(0);

	//设置鼠标回调函数
	setMouseCallback(WINDOW_NAME1, on_Mouse, 0);

	//轮询按键，进行处理
	while (1) {
		//获取键值
		int c = waitKey(0);

		//若键值为ESC时，退出
		if ((char)c == 27)
			break;

		//按键值为2时，恢复源图
		if ((char)c == '2') {
			g_maskImage = Scalar::all(0);
			srcImage.copyTo(g_srcImage);
			imshow("iamge", g_srcImage);
		}

		//若检测到按键为1或者空格，则进行处理
		if ((char)c == '1' || (char)c == ' ') {
			//定义一些参数
			int i, j, compCount = 0;
			vector<vector<Point>> contours;
			vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;

			//寻找轮廓
			findContours(g_maskImage, contours, hierarchy, CV_RETR_CCOMP, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);

			//轮廓为空时的处理
			if (contours.empty()) {
				continue;
			}

			//复制掩膜
			Mat maskImage(g_maskImage.size(), CV_32S);
			maskImage = Scalar::all(0);

			//循环绘制出轮廓
			for (int index = 0; index >= 0; index = hierarchy[index][0], compCount++) {
				drawContours(maskImage, contours, index, Scalar::all(compCount + 1), -1, 8, hierarchy, INT_MAX);
			}

			//compCount为0时的处理
			if (compCount == 0)
				continue;

			//生成随机颜色
			vector<Vec3b> colorTab;
			for (i = 0; i < compCount; i++) {
				int b = theRNG().uniform(0, 255);
				int g = theRNG().uniform(0, 255);
				int r = theRNG().uniform(0, 255);

				colorTab.push_back(Vec3b((uchar)b, (uchar)g, (uchar)r));
			}

			//计算处理时间并输出到窗口中
			double dTime = (double)getTickCount();
			watershed(srcImage, maskImage);
			dTime = (double)getTickCount() - dTime;
			printf("\t处理时间 = %gms\n", dTime*1000. / getTickFrequency());

			//双层循环，将分水岭图像遍历存入watershedImage中
			Mat watershedImage(maskImage.size(), CV_8UC3);
			for(i = 0;i<maskImage.rows;i++)
				for (j = 0; j < maskImage.cols; j++) {
					int index = maskImage.at<int>(i, j);
					if (index == -1)
						watershedImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = Vec3b(255, 255, 255);
					else if (index <= 0 || index > compCount)
						watershedImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = Vec3b(0, 0, 0);
					else
						watershedImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = colorTab[index - 1];
				}

			//混合灰度图和分水岭效果图并显示最终窗口
			watershedImage = watershedImage * 0.5 + grayImage * 0.5;
			//(watershedImage, 0.5, grayImage, 0.5, 0, watershedImage);
			imshow("watershed transform", watershedImage);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

static void on_Mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void*) {
	//处理鼠标不在窗口中的情况
	if (x < 0 || x >= g_srcImage.cols || y < 0 || y >= g_srcImage.rows)
		return;

	//处理鼠标左键相关消息
	if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONUP || !(flags&&EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON))
		prevPt = Point(-1, -1);
	else if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN)
		prevPt = Point(x, y);

	//鼠标左键按下并移动，绘出白色线条
	else if (event == EVENT_MOUSEMOVE && (flags&EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON)) {
		Point pt(x, y);
		if (prevPt.x < 0)
			prevPt = pt;
		line(g_maskImage, prevPt, pt, Scalar::all(255), 5, 8, 0);
		line(g_srcImage, prevPt, pt, Scalar::all(255), 5, 8, 0);
		prevPt = pt;
		imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);
	}
}

 效果：