GEE：指数计算（NDVI、NBR、EVI、NDMI、NDSI、TC、NDFI、EBBI、VCI、BSI、NDBI、GRAY）

本文记录了，使用 Landsat 光学波段计算指数的方法和代码，包括NDVI、NBR、EVI、NDMI、NDSI、TC变化（绿度、亮度、湿度）、NDFI、EBBI、VCI等指数。

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一、代码框架

在GEE平台上使用Landsat影像计算指数需要以下几个步骤：

1. 导入Landsat影像；
2. 定义指数计算函数；
3. 计算指数并将其添加到图层中；
4. 将图层添加到地图中。

下面是一个简单的示例代码，演示如何使用GEE平台计算归一化植被指数（NDVI）：

//导入研究区边界
var roi = table
Map.centerObject(roi, 10);
Map.addLayer(roi, {color:"black"}, "roi");

// Step 1: 导入Landsat影像
var l8 = ee.ImageCollection('LANDSAT/LC08/C01/T1_TOA')
          .filterDate('2019-01-01', '2019-12-31')
          .filterBounds(roi)
          .map(roiClip);

//按研究区边界裁剪
function roiClip(image){
  return image.clip(roi)
}

// Step 2: 定义NDVI计算函数
function addNDVI(image) {
  var ndvi = image.normalizedDifference(['B5', 'B4']).rename('NDVI');
  return image.addBands(ndvi);
}

// Step 3: 计算NDVI并将其添加到图层中
var withNDVI = l8.map(addNDVI);

// Step 4: 将图层添加到地图中
// 可视化参数
var viz = {min:-1, max:1, palette:'blue, white, green'};
Map.addLayer(withNDVI.select('NDVI'), viz, 'NDVI');

二、指数计算

以下指数计算中使用到的波段名，基于《GEE：时间序列分析2——将Landsat5、7、8所有影像合成一个影像集合，构建NDVI时间序列》一文中Landsat578波段统一后的名称。

1.NDVI

归一化植被指数

// NDVI
var ndviTransform = function(img){ 
  var ndvi = img.normalizedDifference(['B4', 'B3']) // calculate normalized dif between band 4 and band 3 (B4-B3/B4_B3)
                .multiply(1000) // scale results by 1000
                .select([0], ['NDVI']) // name the band
                .set('system:time_start', img.get('system:time_start'));
  return ndvi;
};

2.NBR

// NBR
var nbrTransform = function(img) {
    var nbr = img.normalizedDifference(['B4', 'B7']) // calculate normalized difference of B4 and B7. orig was flipped: ['B7', 'B4']
                 .multiply(1000) // scale results by 1000
                 .select([0], ['NBR']) // name the band
                 .set('system:time_start', img.get('system:time_start'));
    return nbr;
};

3.EVI

// EVI
var eviTransform = function(img) {
  var evi = img.expression(
      '2.5 * ((NIR - RED) / (NIR + 6 * RED - 7.5 * BLUE + 1))', {
        'NIR': img.select('B4'),
        'RED': img.select('B3'),
        'BLUE': img.select('B1')
  })
  .multiply(1000) // scale results by 1000
  .select([0], ['EVI']) // name the band
  .set('system:time_start', img.get('system:time_start')); 
  return evi;
};

4.NDMI

// NDMI
var ndmiTransform = function(img) {
    var ndmi = img.normalizedDifference(['B4', 'B5']) // calculate normalized difference of B4 and B7. orig was flipped: ['B7', 'B4']
                 .multiply(1000) // scale results by 1000
                 .select([0], ['NDMI']) // name the band
                 .set('system:time_start', img.get('system:time_start'));
    return ndmi;
};

5.NDSI

// NDSI
var ndsiTransform = function(img){ 
  var ndsi = img.normalizedDifference(['B2', 'B5']) // calculate normalized dif between band 4 and band 3 (B4-B3/B4_B3)
                .multiply(1000) // scale results by 1000
                .select([0], ['NDSI']) // name the band
                .set('system:time_start', img.get('system:time_start'));
  return ndsi;
};

6.TC-Transform

// TASSELLED CAP
var tcTransform = function(img){ 
  var b = ee.Image(img).select(["B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B7"]); // select the image bands
  var brt_coeffs = ee.Image.constant([0.2043, 0.4158, 0.5524, 0.5741, 0.3124, 0.2303]); // set brt coeffs - make an image object from a list of values - each of list element represents a band
  var grn_coeffs = ee.Image.constant([-0.1603, -0.2819, -0.4934, 0.7940, -0.0002, -0.1446]); // set grn coeffs - make an image object from a list of values - each of list element represents a band
  var wet_coeffs = ee.Image.constant([0.0315, 0.2021, 0.3102, 0.1594, -0.6806, -0.6109]); // set wet coeffs - make an image object from a list of values - each of list element represents a band
  
  var sum = ee.Reducer.sum(); // create a sum reducer to be applyed in the next steps of summing the TC-coef-weighted bands
  var brightness = b.multiply(brt_coeffs).reduce(sum); // multiply the image bands by the brt coef and then sum the bands
  var greenness = b.multiply(grn_coeffs).reduce(sum); // multiply the image bands by the grn coef and then sum the bands
  var wetness = b.multiply(wet_coeffs).reduce(sum); // multiply the image bands by the wet coef and then sum the bands
  var angle = (greenness.divide(brightness)).atan().multiply(180/Math.PI).multiply(100);
  var tc = brightness.addBands(greenness)
                     .addBands(wetness)
                     .addBands(angle)
                     .select([0,1,2,3], ['TCB','TCG','TCW','TCA']) //stack TCG and TCW behind TCB with .addBands, use select() to name the bands
                     .set('system:time_start', img.get('system:time_start'));
  return tc;
};

indexImg = tc.select(['TCB']);
indexImg = tc.select(['TCG']);
indexImg = tc.select(['TCW']);
indexImg = tc.select(['TCA']);

7.NDFI

//Ben added
// NDFI - from CODED utility (original: users/bullocke/coded:coded/miscUtilities)
var ndfiTransform = function(img) {

  // pre-defined endmembers
  var params = ee.Dictionary({
    'cfThreshold': 0.01, // CLOUD THRESHOLD 
    'soil': [2000, 3000, 3400, 5800, 6000, 5800],
    'gv': [500, 900, 400, 6100, 3000, 1000],
    'npv': [1400, 1700, 2200, 3000, 5500, 3000],
    'shade': [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    'cloud': [9000, 9600, 8000, 7800, 7200, 6500]
    });
    
    /* Utility function for calculating spectral indices */
    var gv = params.get('gv');
    var shade = params.get('shade');
    var npv = params.get('npv');
    var soil = params.get('soil');
    var cloud = params.get('cloud');
    //var cfThreshold = ee.Image.constant(params.get('cfThreshold'))
    /*  Do spectral unmixing on a single image  */
    var unmixImage = ee.Image(img).unmix([gv, shade, npv, soil, cloud], true,true)
                    .rename(['band_0', 'band_1', 'band_2','band_3','band_4']);
    var newImage = ee.Image(img).addBands(unmixImage);
    //var mask = newImage.select('band_4').lt(cfThreshold)
  
    var ndfi = unmixImage.expression(
      '((GV / (1 - SHADE)) - (NPV + SOIL)) / ((GV / (1 - SHADE)) + NPV + SOIL)', {
        'GV': unmixImage.select('band_0'),
        'SHADE': unmixImage.select('band_1'),
        'NPV': unmixImage.select('band_2'),
        'SOIL': unmixImage.select('band_3')
      }); 
    var ndvi = ee.Image(img).normalizedDifference(['B4','B3']).rename('NDVI')
    var evi = ee.Image(img).expression(
          'float(2.5*(((B4/10000) - (B3/10000)) / ((B4/10000) + (6 * (B3/10000)) - (7.5 * (B1/10000)) + 1)))',
          {
              'B4': ee.Image(img).select(['B4']),
              'B3': ee.Image(img).select(['B3']),
              'B1': ee.Image(img).select(['B1'])
          }).rename('EVI');    
          
    var toExp = newImage
          .addBands([ndfi.rename(['NDFI']), ndvi, evi])
          .select(['band_0','band_1','band_2','band_3','NDFI','NDVI','EVI','B1','B2','B3','B4','B5'])
          .rename(['GV','Shade','NPV','Soil','NDFI','NDVI','EVI','Blue','Green','Red','NIR','SWIR1']); 
          //.updateMask(mask)

  toExp = toExp.select(['NDFI'])
              .multiply(1000)
              .set('system:time_start', img.get('system:time_start'));
  return toExp;

};

8.EBBI

// calculate EBBI
var ebbi = median1.expression('(SWIR - NIR)/ 10 * sqrt(SWIR + TIRS)',
{
'SWIR':median1.select('B5_median'),
'NIR':median1.select('B4_median'),
'TIRS' : median1.select('B6_median')
}).rename('EBBI');

9.VCI

计算多年来的植被状况指数（the vegetation condition index，VCI）
（代码链接）

var getvci = function(image){
  // ((NDVI-NDVImin)/(NDVImax-MDVImin))*100
  var vci = image.subtract(minImage).divide(maxImage.subtract(minImage)).rename('VCI')
  
  // return image.addBands(vci) // both output togther
  return vci // only the vci
}

10.BSI

var addBSI = function(image) {var bsi = image.expression(
  '((RED + SWIR) - (NIR + BLUE)) / ((RED + SWIR) + (NIR + BLUE)) ', 
  {
    'RED': image.select('B4'), 
    'BLUE': image.select('B2'),
    'NIR': image.select('B8'),
    'SWIR': image.select('B11'),

  }
)
  .rename('BSI')
  .copyProperties(image,['system:time_start']);
  return image.addBands(bsi);
};

11.NDBI

归一化建筑指数：RNIR、RMIR分别为影像的近红外、中红外波段，OLI数据的5波段、6波段。

// NDBI
var ndbiTransform = function(img) {
    var ndbi = img.normalizedDifference(['B5', 'B6']) // calculate normalized difference of B5 and B6. orig was flipped: ['B5', 'B6']
                 .multiply(1000) // scale results by 1000
                 .select([0], ['NDBI']) // name the band
                 .set('system:time_start', img.get('system:time_start'));
    return ndbi;
};

12.GRAY

var GRAY = imageOriginal.expression('(0.3 * NIR)  + (0.59 * R) + (0.11 * G)', 
  {
    'NIR': imageOriginal.select('B5'),
    'R': imageOriginal.select('B4'),
    'G': imageOriginal.select('B3')
  }).multiply(1000).rename('GRAY');