介绍
MD5是一种散列算法,它输入任意长度的原文,通过一个散列算法,会得到固定长度128位(16字节)的散列值。由于修改原文一点数据,获得的散列值完全不同,常常用在放置数据篡改,数字签名,以及如linux登录密码存储的安全认证中
原理
typedef struct
{
unsigned long relute[4];//输出的16字节,初始状态为4个幻数
unsigned char block[64];//一个分组
unsigned long state;//状态
unsigned long long length;//数据长度
} MD5_CONT;
step 1
MD5 以512位(64字节)分组来处理数据,将64字节数据送到控制器缓冲区中
while (length-64>=0)
{
memcpy(md5_con.block,data+(i++<<6),64);
block_trans(&md5_con);
length -= 64;
}
step 2 散列算法运算
#define S11 7
#define S12 12
#define S13 17
#define S14 22
#define S21 5
#define S22 9
#define S23 14
#define S24 20
#define S31 4
#define S32 11
#define S33 16
#define S34 23
#define S41 6
#define S42 10
#define S43 15
#define S44 21
#define F(x, y, z) (((x) & (y)) | ((~x) & (z)))
#define G(x, y, z) (((x) & (z)) | ((y) & (~z)))
#define H(x, y, z) ((x) ^ (y) ^ (z))
#define I(x, y, z) ((y) ^ ((x) | (~z)))
#define ROTATE_LEFT(x, n) (((x) << (n)) | ((x) >> (32-(n))))
#define FF(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {(a) += F((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (unsigned int)(ac);(a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s));(a) += (b);}
#define GG(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {(a) += G((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (unsigned int)(ac);(a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s));(a) += (b);}
#define HH(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {(a) += H((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (unsigned int)(ac);(a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s));(a) += (b);}
#define II(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {(a) += I((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (unsigned int)(ac);(a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s));(a) += (b); }
block_trans()进行每个分组算法运算,通过循环函数运算,得到新的a,b,c,d。a,b,c,d的初始值是4个标准的幻数0x01234567,0x89abcdef…使用时如下赋值,因为内存存储时候是低位存低位.
FF(a, b, c, d, x[0], S11, 0xd76aa478),a,b,c,d是待输出的128位数据,x[0]表示该分组的第一个子分组(分组分为16子分组参与运算),S11代表移位的位数,0xd76aa478,w为一个自然数,每次运算都不相同。
con->relute[0] = 0x67452301;
con->relute[1] = 0xefcdab89;
con->relute[2] = 0x98badcfe;
con->relute[3] = 0x10325476;
void block_trans(MD5_CONT *con)
{
unsigned int a = con->relute[0], b = con->relute[1], c = con->relute[2], d = con->relute[3], x[16];
Decode(x, con->block, 64);//子分组
FF(a, b, c, d, x[0], S11, 0xd76aa478);/* 1 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[1], S12, 0xe8c7b756);/* 2 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[2], S13, 0x242070db); /* 3 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[3], S14, 0xc1bdceee); /* 4 */
FF(a, b, c, d, x[4], S11, 0xf57c0faf); /* 5 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[5], S12, 0x4787c62a); /* 6 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[6], S13, 0xa8304613); /* 7 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[7], S14, 0xfd469501); /* 8 */
FF(a, b, c, d, x[8], S11, 0x698098d8); /* 9 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[9], S12, 0x8b44f7af); /* 10 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[10], S13, 0xffff5bb1); /* 11 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[11], S14, 0x895cd7be); /* 12 */
FF(a, b, c, d, x[12], S11, 0x6b901122); /* 13 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[13], S12, 0xfd987193); /* 14 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[14], S13, 0xa679438e); /* 15 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[15], S14, 0x49b40821); /* 16 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[1], S21, 0xf61e2562); /* 17 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[6], S22, 0xc040b340); /* 18 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[11], S23, 0x265e5a51); /* 19 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[0], S24, 0xe9b6c7aa); /* 20 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[5], S21, 0xd62f105d); /* 21 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[10], S22, 0x2441453); /* 22 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[15], S23, 0xd8a1e681); /* 23 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[4], S24, 0xe7d3fbc8); /* 24 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[9], S21, 0x21e1cde6); /* 25 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[14], S22, 0xc33707d6); /* 26 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[3], S23, 0xf4d50d87); /* 27 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[8], S24, 0x455a14ed); /* 28 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[13], S21, 0xa9e3e905); /* 29 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[2], S22, 0xfcefa3f8); /* 30 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[7], S23, 0x676f02d9); /* 31 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[12], S24, 0x8d2a4c8a); /* 32 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[5], S31, 0xfffa3942); /* 33 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[8], S32, 0x8771f681); /* 34 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[11], S33, 0x6d9d6122); /* 35 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[14], S34, 0xfde5380c); /* 36 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[1], S31, 0xa4beea44); /* 37 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[4], S32, 0x4bdecfa9); /* 38 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[7], S33, 0xf6bb4b60); /* 39 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[10], S34, 0xbebfbc70); /* 40 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[13], S31, 0x289b7ec6); /* 41 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[0], S32, 0xeaa127fa); /* 42 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[3], S33, 0xd4ef3085); /* 43 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[6], S34, 0x4881d05); /* 44 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[9], S31, 0xd9d4d039); /* 45 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[12], S32, 0xe6db99e5); /* 46 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[15], S33, 0x1fa27cf8); /* 47 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[2], S34, 0xc4ac5665); /* 48 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[0], S41, 0xf4292244); /* 49 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[7], S42, 0x432aff97); /* 50 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[14], S43, 0xab9423a7); /* 51 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[5], S44, 0xfc93a039); /* 52 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[12], S41, 0x655b59c3); /* 53 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[3], S42, 0x8f0ccc92); /* 54 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[10], S43, 0xffeff47d); /* 55 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[1], S44, 0x85845dd1); /* 56 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[8], S41, 0x6fa87e4f); /* 57 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[15], S42, 0xfe2ce6e0); /* 58 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[6], S43, 0xa3014314); /* 59 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[13], S44, 0x4e0811a1); /* 60 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[4], S41, 0xf7537e82); /* 61 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[11], S42, 0xbd3af235); /* 62 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[2], S43, 0x2ad7d2bb); /* 63 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[9], S44, 0xeb86d391); /* 64 */
con->relute[0] += a;
con->relute[1] += b;
con->relute[2] += c;
con->relute[3] += d;
}
step 3 填充
step 2一直循环,直到数据长度小于64字节,也就是最后一个分组。最后一个分组则进行填充
将分组的任意长度数据填充到448位(56字节)。(如果刚好56字节,则填充一轮,64个字节)
填充的结构:第一个为0x80后面填充0。
void block_padding(MD5_CONT *con, long len)//剩余的长度
{
int pad_len=0;//需要补全的长度
char tran_len[8] = {0};
int pad[64] = {
0x80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
};
pad_len = (len < 56) ? (56 - len) : (120 - len);
if (len >=56)//填充后不为最后一个分组
{
memcpy(con->block + len, pad, len);//补全到448位,56字节
block_trans(&con);
memcpy(con->block , pad+len, pad_len-len);
}
else//填充后为最后一个分组
memcpy(con->block+len,pad,pad_len);//补全到448位,56字节
Encode(tran_len, &con->length, 8);
}
step 4 填充长度
在经过step3 后最后一个分组为56字节,还需要填充8字节的数据长度,构成64字节,最后输出4个运算后的128位散列值。
memcpy(con->block+56,tran_len,8);//补全556位
block_trans(&con);
源码
#pragma once
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define S11 7
#define S12 12
#define S13 17
#define S14 22
#define S21 5
#define S22 9
#define S23 14
#define S24 20
#define S31 4
#define S32 11
#define S33 16
#define S34 23
#define S41 6
#define S42 10
#define S43 15
#define S44 21
#define F(x, y, z) (((x) & (y)) | ((~x) & (z)))
#define G(x, y, z) (((x) & (z)) | ((y) & (~z)))
#define H(x, y, z) ((x) ^ (y) ^ (z))
#define I(x, y, z) ((y) ^ ((x) | (~z)))
#define ROTATE_LEFT(x, n) (((x) << (n)) | ((x) >> (32-(n))))
#define FF(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {(a) += F((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (unsigned int)(ac);(a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s));(a) += (b);}
#define GG(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {(a) += G((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (unsigned int)(ac);(a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s));(a) += (b);}
#define HH(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {(a) += H((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (unsigned int)(ac);(a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s));(a) += (b);}
#define II(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {(a) += I((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (unsigned int)(ac);(a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s));(a) += (b); }
typedef struct
{
unsigned long relute[4];//输出的16字节
unsigned char block[64];///一个分组
unsigned long state;
unsigned long long length;
} MD5_CONT;
int MD5_Init(MD5_CONT *);
int MD5_EN(char * ,int,char *);
int MD5_EN_File(char *);
#include"test.h"
void Encode(unsigned char *output, unsigned int *input, unsigned int len)
{
unsigned int i, j;
for (i = 0, j = 0; j < len; i++, j += 4)
{
output[j] = (unsigned char)(input[i] & 0xff);
output[j + 1] = (unsigned char)((input[i] >> 8) & 0xff);
output[j + 2] = (unsigned char)((input[i] >> 16) & 0xff);
output[j + 3] = (unsigned char)((input[i] >> 24) & 0xff);
}
}
//将512位的分组转换为16个子分组
void Decode(unsigned int *output, unsigned char *input, unsigned int len)
{
unsigned int i, j;
for (i = 0, j = 0; j < len; i++, j += 4)
{
output[i] = ((unsigned int)input[j]) | (((unsigned int)input[j + 1]) << 8) |
(((unsigned int)input[j + 2]) << 16) | (((unsigned int)input[j + 3]) << 24);
}
}
void block_trans(MD5_CONT *con)
{
unsigned int a = con->relute[0], b = con->relute[1], c = con->relute[2], d = con->relute[3], x[16];
Decode(x, con->block, 64);//子分组
FF(a, b, c, d, x[0], S11, 0xd76aa478);/* 1 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[1], S12, 0xe8c7b756);/* 2 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[2], S13, 0x242070db); /* 3 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[3], S14, 0xc1bdceee); /* 4 */
FF(a, b, c, d, x[4], S11, 0xf57c0faf); /* 5 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[5], S12, 0x4787c62a); /* 6 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[6], S13, 0xa8304613); /* 7 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[7], S14, 0xfd469501); /* 8 */
FF(a, b, c, d, x[8], S11, 0x698098d8); /* 9 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[9], S12, 0x8b44f7af); /* 10 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[10], S13, 0xffff5bb1); /* 11 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[11], S14, 0x895cd7be); /* 12 */
FF(a, b, c, d, x[12], S11, 0x6b901122); /* 13 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[13], S12, 0xfd987193); /* 14 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[14], S13, 0xa679438e); /* 15 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[15], S14, 0x49b40821); /* 16 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[1], S21, 0xf61e2562); /* 17 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[6], S22, 0xc040b340); /* 18 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[11], S23, 0x265e5a51); /* 19 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[0], S24, 0xe9b6c7aa); /* 20 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[5], S21, 0xd62f105d); /* 21 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[10], S22, 0x2441453); /* 22 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[15], S23, 0xd8a1e681); /* 23 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[4], S24, 0xe7d3fbc8); /* 24 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[9], S21, 0x21e1cde6); /* 25 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[14], S22, 0xc33707d6); /* 26 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[3], S23, 0xf4d50d87); /* 27 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[8], S24, 0x455a14ed); /* 28 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[13], S21, 0xa9e3e905); /* 29 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[2], S22, 0xfcefa3f8); /* 30 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[7], S23, 0x676f02d9); /* 31 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[12], S24, 0x8d2a4c8a); /* 32 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[5], S31, 0xfffa3942); /* 33 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[8], S32, 0x8771f681); /* 34 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[11], S33, 0x6d9d6122); /* 35 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[14], S34, 0xfde5380c); /* 36 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[1], S31, 0xa4beea44); /* 37 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[4], S32, 0x4bdecfa9); /* 38 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[7], S33, 0xf6bb4b60); /* 39 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[10], S34, 0xbebfbc70); /* 40 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[13], S31, 0x289b7ec6); /* 41 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[0], S32, 0xeaa127fa); /* 42 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[3], S33, 0xd4ef3085); /* 43 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[6], S34, 0x4881d05); /* 44 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[9], S31, 0xd9d4d039); /* 45 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[12], S32, 0xe6db99e5); /* 46 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[15], S33, 0x1fa27cf8); /* 47 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[2], S34, 0xc4ac5665); /* 48 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[0], S41, 0xf4292244); /* 49 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[7], S42, 0x432aff97); /* 50 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[14], S43, 0xab9423a7); /* 51 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[5], S44, 0xfc93a039); /* 52 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[12], S41, 0x655b59c3); /* 53 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[3], S42, 0x8f0ccc92); /* 54 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[10], S43, 0xffeff47d); /* 55 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[1], S44, 0x85845dd1); /* 56 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[8], S41, 0x6fa87e4f); /* 57 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[15], S42, 0xfe2ce6e0); /* 58 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[6], S43, 0xa3014314); /* 59 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[13], S44, 0x4e0811a1); /* 60 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[4], S41, 0xf7537e82); /* 61 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[11], S42, 0xbd3af235); /* 62 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[2], S43, 0x2ad7d2bb); /* 63 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[9], S44, 0xeb86d391); /* 64 */
con->relute[0] += a;
con->relute[1] += b;
con->relute[2] += c;
con->relute[3] += d;
}
void block_padding(MD5_CONT *con, long len)//剩余的长度
{
int pad_len=0;//需要补全的长度
char tran_len[8] = {0};
int pad[64] = {
0x80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
};
pad_len = (len < 56) ? (56 - len) : (120 - len);
if (len >=56)
{
memcpy(con->block + len, pad, len);//补全到448位,56字节
block_trans(&con);
memcpy(con->block , pad+len, pad_len-len);
}
else
memcpy(con->block+len,pad,pad_len);//补全到448位,56字节
Encode(tran_len, &con->length, 8);
memcpy(con->block+56,tran_len,8);//补全556位
block_trans(&con);
}
int MD5_Init(MD5_CONT *con,long len)
{
con->relute[0] = 0x67452301;
con->relute[1] = 0xefcdab89;
con->relute[2] = 0x98badcfe;
con->relute[3] = 0x10325476;
con->length = len;
con->state = 1;
}
int MD5_EN(char *data, int length,char *tr_data)
{
MD5_CONT md5_con;
int i = 0;
MD5_Init(&md5_con,length);
while (length-64>=0)
{
memcpy(md5_con.block,data+(i++<<6),64);
block_trans(&md5_con);
length -= 64;
}
memcpy(md5_con.block, data + (i<< 6), length);//将需要补全的数据拷贝
block_padding(&md5_con,length);
Encode(tr_data, md5_con.relute, 16);
}