1. 电阻【 R R R】
U ˙ = I ˙ R \dot{U} = \dot{I}R U˙=I˙R
Z = R Z = R Z=R
ϕ u − ϕ i = 0 ° \phi_u - \phi_i = 0° ϕu−ϕi=0°
2. 电感【 L L L】
U ˙ = j ω L I ˙ \dot{U} = j\omega L \dot{I} U˙=jωLI˙
Z = j ω L Z = j\omega L Z=jωL
ϕ u − ϕ i = 90 ° \phi_u - \phi_i = 90° ϕu−ϕi=90°
3. 电容【 C C C】
U
˙
=
1
j
ω
C
I
˙
\dot{U} = \frac{1}{j\omega C}\dot{I}
U˙=jωC1I˙
Z
=
1
j
ω
C
Z =\frac{1}{j\omega C}
Z=jωC1
ϕ i − ϕ u = 90 \phi_i - \phi_u = 90 ϕi−ϕu=90