TencentOS-tiny 任务间通讯（三）- 互斥量

一、任务间通信

1. 互斥量

概述

互斥量又称互斥锁，一般用于共享资源的互斥排他性访问保护。

互斥量在任意时刻处于且仅会处于解锁或锁定状态，当一个任务获取到一把锁后（互斥量锁定），其他任务再尝试获得这把锁时会失败或进入阻塞状态，当该任务释放持有的锁时（互斥量解锁），会唤醒一个正阻塞等待此互斥量的任务，被唤醒的任务将会获取这把锁。

在多任务运行环境中，有些共享资源不具有多线程可重入性，对于这类不希望被多任务同时访问的资源（临界资源），可以采用互斥量来进行保护，后面的编程实例章节会演示这一编程范式。

API讲解

编程实例

1、在tos_config.h中，配置互斥量组件开关TOS_CFG_MUTEX_EN：

#define TOS_CFG_MUTEX_EN 1u

2、编写main.c示例代码：

/* USER CODE END Header */

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "cmsis_os.h" 
#include "stdio.h"

#include "tos_k.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
#define STK_SIZE_TASK_WRITER        512
#define STK_SIZE_TASK_READER        512

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
k_stack_t stack_task_writer[STK_SIZE_TASK_WRITER];
k_stack_t stack_task_reader[STK_SIZE_TASK_READER];

k_task_t task_writer;
k_task_t task_reader;

extern void entry_task_writer(void *arg);
extern void entry_task_reader(void *arg);

k_mutex_t critical_resource_locker;

// 一片临界区内存
static uint32_t critical_resource[3];

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
static void write_critical_resource(int salt)
{
    size_t i = 0;
	// 此函数每次向共享内存中按递增顺序写入三个无符号整数
    printf("writting critical resource:\n");
    for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
        printf("%d\t", salt + i);
        critical_resource[i] = salt + i;
    }
    printf("\n");
}

void entry_task_writer(void *arg)
{
    size_t salt = 0;
    k_err_t err;

    while (K_TRUE) {
        // 在向临界区写入数据之前，先尝试获取临界区保护锁
        err = tos_mutex_pend(&critical_resource_locker);
        if (err == K_ERR_NONE) {
            // 成功获取锁之后，向临界区写入数据
            write_critical_resource(salt);
            // 写完数据后，释放互斥锁
            tos_mutex_post(&critical_resource_locker);
        }
        tos_task_delay(1000);
        ++salt;
    }
}

static void read_critical_resource(void)
{
    size_t i = 0;

    // 从临界区读取数据
    printf("reading critical resource:\n");
    for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
        printf("%d\t", critical_resource[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
}

void entry_task_reader(void *arg)
{
    k_err_t err;

    while (K_TRUE) {
        // 读取临界区数据之前，先尝试获取临界区保护锁
        err = tos_mutex_pend(&critical_resource_locker);
        if (err == K_ERR_NONE) {
            // 成功获取锁之后，从临界区读取数据
            read_critical_resource();
            // 读取数据完毕后，释放互斥锁
            tos_mutex_post(&critical_resource_locker);
        }
        tos_task_delay(1000);
    }
}
/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	
	tos_knl_init();
	// 创建临界区保护互斥锁
	tos_mutex_create(&critical_resource_locker);
	(void)tos_task_create(&task_writer, "writer", entry_task_writer, NULL,
													4, stack_task_writer, STK_SIZE_TASK_WRITER, 0);
	(void)tos_task_create(&task_reader, "reader", entry_task_reader, NULL,
													4, stack_task_reader, STK_SIZE_TASK_READER, 0);
	tos_knl_start();
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

3、运行效果：

 

源码链接：Git