C++学习笔记——类和动态内存分配

#pragma once
#ifndef STRING_H_
#define STRING_H_
#include<string>
class String1
{
private:
	char *str;							//字符串
	int len;							//字符串长度
	static int num_strings;				//String1对象的监控
	static const int CINLIM = 80;		//cin 输入的最大限制

public:
	String1();
	~String1();
	String1(const char * s);
	String1(const String1 &);
	int length()const { return len; };									//返回字符串的长度
	/************************************************************************************/
	//友元函数 主要重载部分运算符
	/************************************************************************************/
	friend bool operator<(const String1 &st1, const String1 &st);
	friend bool operator>(const String1 &st1, const String1 &st);
	friend bool operator==(const String1 &st1, const String1 &st);
	friend std::istream & operator>>(std::istream & is, String1 &st);
	friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & is, String1 &st);
	/************************************************************************************/
	//静态成员变量，字符串数目
	static int Howmany() { return num_strings; };
	//重载[]运算符，方便使用 str[i]
	char & operator[](int i);
	const char & operator[](int i)const;
	//重载=运算符  
	String1 & operator=(const char *s);
	String1 & operator=(const String1 &st);
};

#endif // !STRING!_H_

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include "String1.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
//静态变量，对字符串数量进行统计
int String1::num_strings = 0;
//默认构造函数
String1::String1()
{
	len = 0;
	str = new char[1];//采用char[] 使其与析构函数兼容
	str[0] = '\0';
	num_strings++;
}
//从string 构造函数
String1::String1(const char * s) 
{
	
	len = strlen(s);
	str = new char[len + 1];
	strcpy(str, s);
	num_strings++;
}
//从现有的String1 构建函数
String1::String1(const String1 &st)
{
	num_strings++;
	len = st.len;
	str = new char[len + 1];
	std::strcpy(str, st.str);
}

//析构函数
String1::~String1()
{
	--num_strings;
	delete[]str;
}


/************************************************************************************/
//重载部分运算符
/************************************************************************************/
//重载[]运算符
//对非const 对象实现 读写char 
char & String1::operator[](int i)
{
	return str[i];
}
//对const 对象实现读
const char & String1::operator[](int i)const
{
	return str[i];
}


//重载=运算符
//按照char 对象实现复制
String1 & String1::operator=(const char *s)
{
	delete[]str;			//释放原有str指向内存
	len = std::strlen(s);	//重新分配内存
	str = new char[len + 1];
	std::strcpy(str, s);	//拷贝复制
	return *this;			//返回
}

//按照String1对象实现复制
String1 & String1::operator=(const String1 &st)
{
	//深度复制
	if (this == &st)
	{
		return *this;
	}
	delete[]str;
	len = st.len;
	str = new char[len + 1];
	std::strcpy(str, st.str);
	return *this;
}
/************************************************************************************/
//友元函数 主要重载部分运算符
/************************************************************************************/
//比较字符串大小
bool operator<(const String1 &st1, const String1 &st2)
{
	if (std::strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) < 0)
	{
		return true;
	}
	else
		return false;
}
bool operator>(const String1 &st1, const String1 &st2)
{
	if (std::strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) > 0)
	{
		return true;
	}
	else
		return false;
}
bool operator==(const String1 &st1, const String1 &st2)
{
	if (std::strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) == 0)
	{
		return true;
	}
	else
		return false;
}

//重载输入与输出符号
std::istream & operator>>(std::istream & is, String1 &st)
{
	char temp[String1::CINLIM];
	is.get(temp, String1::CINLIM);
	if (is)
		st = temp;
	while (is&&is.get() != '\n')
		continue;
	return is;
}

std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, String1 &st)
{
	os << st.str;
	return os;
}

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<iostream>
//#include<string>
#include"String1.h"

using namespace std;
const int ArSize = 10;
const int MaxLen = 81;
int main()
{
	using namespace std;

	String1 name;
	cout << "What's your name?\n";
	cin >> name;

	cout << name << ",please enter up to " << ArSize << " short sayings<empty line to quit>:\n";

	String1 sayings[ArSize];
	char temp[MaxLen];
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < ArSize; i++)
	{
		cout << i + 1 << ": ";
		cin.get(temp, MaxLen);
		while (cin&&cin.get() != '\n')
		{
			continue;
		}
		if (!cin || temp[0] == '\0')
			break;
		else
			sayings[i] = temp;
	}
	int total = i;
	if (total > 0)
	{
		//显示所有的sayings
		cout << "Here are your sayings: \n";
		for (i = 0; i < total; i++)
		{
			cout << sayings[i][0] << ": " << sayings[i] << endl;
		}
		int shortest = 0;
		int first = 0;
		//找到最短的sayings 和最小的sayings
		for (i = 0; i < total; i++)
		{
			if (sayings[i].length() < sayings[shortest].length())
				shortest = i;
			if (sayings[i] < sayings[first])
				first = i;
		}
		cout << "Shortest sayings: " << sayings[shortest] << endl;
		cout << "First sayings: " << sayings[first] << endl;
		cout << "This program used " << String1::Howmany() << " String1 object. Bye.\n";
	}
	else
		cout << "No input! Bye.\n";

	system("pause");
	return 0;