OpenCV学习笔记——saturate_cast<uchar>

#ifndef OPENCV_CORE_SATURATE_HPP
#define OPENCV_CORE_SATURATE_HPP

#include "opencv2/core/cvdef.h"
#include "opencv2/core/fast_math.hpp"

namespace cv
{

//! @addtogroup core_utils
//! @{

/// saturate_cast (used in image & signal processing) ///

/** @brief Template function for accurate conversion from one primitive type to another.

 The function saturate_cast resembles the standard C++ cast operations, such as static_cast\<T\>()
 and others. It perform an efficient and accurate conversion from one primitive type to another
 (see the introduction chapter). saturate in the name means that when the input value v is out of the
 range of the target type, the result is not formed just by taking low bits of the input, but instead
 the value is clipped. For example:
 @code
 uchar a = saturate_cast<uchar>(-100); // a = 0 (UCHAR_MIN)
 short b = saturate_cast<short>(33333.33333); // b = 32767 (SHRT_MAX)
 @endcode
 Such clipping is done when the target type is unsigned char , signed char , unsigned short or
 signed short . For 32-bit integers, no clipping is done.

 When the parameter is a floating-point value and the target type is an integer (8-, 16- or 32-bit),
 the floating-point value is first rounded to the nearest integer and then clipped if needed (when
 the target type is 8- or 16-bit).

 This operation is used in the simplest or most complex image processing functions in OpenCV.

 @param v Function parameter.
 @sa add, subtract, multiply, divide, Mat::convertTo
 */
template<typename _Tp> static inline _Tp saturate_cast(uchar v)    { return _Tp(v); }
/** @overload */
template<typename _Tp> static inline _Tp saturate_cast(schar v)    { return _Tp(v); }
/** @overload */
template<typename _Tp> static inline _Tp saturate_cast(ushort v)   { return _Tp(v); }
/** @overload */
template<typename _Tp> stati