TensorFlow2.x计算两个向量的欧氏距离(Python3)

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-25 17:59:18 发布

飞机火车巴雷特

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-25 17:59:18 发布

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分类专栏： Python相关文章标签： python tensorflow

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36158230/article/details/119391613

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一、计算原理

假设有两个 $d$ 维向量 $\vec{v_{1}}$ 和 $\vec{v_{2}}$ ，其中 $\vec{v_{1}}=(x_{1},x_{2},...,x_{d})$ ， $\vec{v_{2}}=(y_{1},y_{2},...,y_{d})$ 。那么根据欧氏距离计算公式，它们之间的欧氏距离为

$\sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{d}(x_{i}-y_{i})^{2}}=\sqrt{(x_{1}-y_{1})^{2}+(x_{2}-y_{2})^{2}+...+(x_{d}-y_{d})^{2}}$

二、利用Python3直接计算

import math
# calculating euclidean distance by formulation
# vector1 and vector2 are both 1d tensor (1d tensor = vector)
def euclidean_distance(vector1, vector2, dim):
    s = 0
    for i in range(dim):
        s = s + (vector1[i] - vector2[i]) ** 2
    return math.sqrt(s)

三、调用TensorFlow2.x函数计算

import tensorflow as tf
# calculating euclidean distance by tensorflow2.x
# vector1 and vector2 are both 1d tensor (1d tensor = vector)
def euclidean_distance_by_tf(vector1, vector2):
    return tf.sqrt(tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(vector1 - vector2)))

代码解释（个人的理解）：第一步：vector1 - vector2，得到一个新的临时向量temp_vector1；第二步：对temp_vector1的每个元素求平方，得到一个新的临时向量temp_vector2；第三步：对temp_vector2的每个元素求和，得到一个标量s；第四步：对s开方。最终求得两个向量之间的欧氏距离。所以，上述代码与下面的代码等价：

import tensorflow as tf
# calculating euclidean distance by tensorflow2.x
# vector1 and vector2 are both 1d tensor (1d tensor = vector)
def euclidean_distance_by_tf(vector1, vector2):
    temp_vector1 = vector1 - vector2
    temp_vector2 = tf.square(temp_vector1)
    s = tf.reduce_sum(temp_vector2)
    return tf.sqrt(s)

在你搜索到的有关博客中，有可能是带tf.Session()的，但tf.Session()实际上是TensorFlow1.x的内容，那么在TensorFlow2.x版本中是已经被完全抛弃。所以在使用TensorFlow2.x时，如果你是一位TensorFlow初学者，那么强烈建议不要使用像下面一样的代码：

with tf.Session() as sess:
    #TODO

四、参考

tf.reduce_sum()

tf.square()

五、附录

完整代码

import math
import tensorflow as tf

# test case for calculating euclidean distance of two vectors by tensorflow
def tc():
    # create vectors
    zero = tf.constant([0, 0, 0], tf.float32)
    v1 = tf.constant([1, 0, 2], tf.float32)
    v2 = tf.constant([99, 1000, -200], tf.float32)
    print(zero)
    print(v1)
    print(v2)

    # calculating euclidean distance by tensorflow
    print(euclidean_distance_by_tf(v1, zero))
    print(euclidean_distance_by_tf(v2, zero))
    print(euclidean_distance_by_tf(v1, v2))
    print(euclidean_distance_by_tf(v2, v1))

    # calculating euclidean distance by formulation
    print(euclidean_distance(v1, zero, 3))
    print(euclidean_distance(v2, zero, 3))
    print(euclidean_distance(v1, v2, 3))
    print(euclidean_distance(v2, v1, 3))

# calculating euclidean distance by tensorflow
def euclidean_distance_by_tf(vector1, vector2):
    return tf.sqrt(tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(vector1 - vector2)))

# calculating euclidean distance by tensorflow
def euclidean_distance_by_tf1(vector1, vector2):
    temp_vector1 = vector1 - vector2
    temp_vector2 = tf.square(temp_vector1)
    s = tf.reduce_sum(temp_vector2)
    return tf.sqrt(s)

# calculating euclidean distance by formulation
def euclidean_distance(vector1, vector2, dim):
    s = 0
    for i in range(dim):
        s = s + (vector1[i] - vector2[i]) ** 2
    return math.sqrt(s)

# enter of program
if __name__ == '__main__':
    tc()

输出

tf.Tensor([0. 0. 0.], shape=(3,), dtype=float32)
tf.Tensor([1. 0. 2.], shape=(3,), dtype=float32)
tf.Tensor([  99. 1000. -200.], shape=(3,), dtype=float32)
tf.Tensor(2.236068, shape=(), dtype=float32)
tf.Tensor(1024.598, shape=(), dtype=float32)
tf.Tensor(1024.8942, shape=(), dtype=float32)
tf.Tensor(1024.8942, shape=(), dtype=float32)
2.23606797749979
1024.598030937011
1024.8941408750466
1024.8941408750466