单例模式-常用6种写法

1、

单例模式-饿汉式 最传统写法

package com.longze.guosh.singleton;

/**
 * 单例模式-饿汉式
 * 类加载到内存后，就实例化一个单例，JVM保证线程安全
 * 简单实用，推荐使用
 * 唯一缺点：不管用到与否，类加载就完成实例化
 */
public class Mgr01 {
    private static final Mgr01 INSTANCE=new Mgr01();
    private Mgr01(){
    }
    private static Mgr01 getInstance(){
        return INSTANCE;
    }
    public void m(){
        System.out.println("mmmm");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Mgr01 mgr01=Mgr01.getInstance();
        Mgr01 mgr011=Mgr01.getInstance();
        System.out.println(mgr01==mgr011);
    }
}

2、懒汉式-存在线程不安全问题

package com.longze.guosh.singleton;

/**
 * lazy loading
 * 懒汉式
 * 虽然达到了按需初始化目的，但也带来了线程不安全问题
 */
public class Mgr03 {
    private static Mgr03 INSTANCE;
    private Mgr03(){
    }
    private static Mgr03 getInstance(){
        if(INSTANCE==null){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            INSTANCE=new Mgr03();
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    public void m(){
        System.out.println("mmm");;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
            new Thread(()->{
                System.out.println(Mgr03.getInstance().hashCode());
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

3、懒汉式-加锁

package com.longze.guosh.singleton;

/**
 * 懒汉式-枷锁
 */
public class Mgr04 {
    private static Mgr04 INSTANCE;
    private Mgr04(){
    }
    private synchronized static Mgr04 getInstance(){
        if(INSTANCE==null){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            INSTANCE=new Mgr04();
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    public void m(){
        System.out.println("mmm");;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
            new Thread(()->{
                System.out.println(Mgr04.getInstance().hashCode());
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

4、懒汉式-比较完美加锁方案

package com.longze.guosh.singleton;

/**
 * 比较完美的写法
 */
public class Mgr05 {
    private static volatile Mgr05 INSTANCE;

    private Mgr05() {
    }

    private static Mgr05 getInstance() {
        if (INSTANCE == null) {
            synchronized (Mgr05.class) {
                if (INSTANCE == null) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    INSTANCE = new Mgr05();
                }
            }
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    public void m() {
        System.out.println("mmm");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                System.out.println(Mgr05.getInstance().hashCode());
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

5、单例模式-静态内部类

加载外部类，不会加载内部类，只有在调用实例化方法，才会加载内部类

package com.longze.guosh.singleton;

/**
 * 静态内部类写法-最完美的写法
 * JVM保证单例
 * 懒加载
 */
public class Mgr06 {
    private Mgr06(){

    }
    private static class Mgr06Hold{
        private final static Mgr06 INSTANCE=new Mgr06();
    }
    private static Mgr06 getInstance(){
        return Mgr06Hold.INSTANCE;
    }
    public void m(){
        System.out.println("mmm");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                System.out.println(Mgr06.getInstance().hashCode());
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

6、吹毛求疵，Java创世人开发单例枚举类

package com.longze.guosh.singleton;

/**
 * 完美中的完美 Perfect
 */
public enum Mgr07 {
    INSTANCE;

    public void m(){
        System.out.println("nnnn");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                System.out.println(Mgr07.INSTANCE.hashCode());
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

个人建议：工作中使用方法1(优先)、或者方法4

Git地址：https://gitee.com/feng-qingxuan/dessign-pattrns.git singleton

以上完毕！

荆轲刺秦王