线性模型-二维及三维

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x_data = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
y_data = [2.0, 4.0, 6.0]

def forward(x):
    # 计算y-hat
    return x * w

def loss(x, y):
    # 计算损失y-y-hat 平方
    y_pred = forward(x)
    return (y_pred -y) * (y_pred -y)

w_list = []
mse_list = []

for w in np.arange(0.0, 4.0 ,0.1): # 从0.0-4.0每0.1取一个值
    l_sum = 0
    print("w=", w)
    # 累计损失然后求平均
    for x_val, y_val in zip(x_data, y_data):
        y_pred_val = forward(x_val)
        loss_val = loss(x_val, y_val)
        l_sum += loss_val
        print("\t", x_val, y_val, y_pred_val, y_data)
    # MSE 方差平均值
    print("MSE=", l_sum/3)
    w_list.append(w)
    mse_list.append(l_sum / 3)

# 绘图
plt.plot(w_list, mse_list)
plt.ylabel("Loss")
plt.xlabel("w")
plt.show()

三维图，两个参数y=wx+b
 

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

x_data = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
y_data = [3.0, 5.0, 7.0]


def forward(x):
    # 计算y-hat
    return x * w + b


def loss(x, y):
    # 经过测试发现直接计算损失会有精度问题，这里处理前取下前两位小数
    x = round(x, 2)
    y = round(y, 2)
    y_pred = forward(x)
    return (y_pred - y) * (y_pred - y)


# 分别生成x,y然后生成meshgrid的二维数组
x = np.linspace(0.0, 4.0, 400)
y = np.linspace(0.0, 4.0, 400)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)

# 三维中Z需要是一个二维数组，另外初始化前要先固定好Z的长度
Z = np.zeros((len(x), len(y)))
row_count = 0
cow_count = 0
for w in x:
    w = round(w, 2)
    cow_count = 0
    for b in y:
        b = round(b, 2)
        print("w=", w, "\tb=", b)
        l_sum = 0
        for x_val, y_val in zip(x_data, y_data):
            l_sum += loss(x_val, y_val)
        # 绘图时Z和X、Y值的对应关系，经过测试Z的第一维数组为X的值，第二维数组为Y的值
        Z[row_count][cow_count] = round(l_sum, 2)
        cow_count += 1
    row_count += 1

# 绘图
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z)

# 设置坐标轴标签
ax.set_xlabel('X')
ax.set_ylabel('Y')
ax.set_zlabel('Z')

# 显示图像
plt.show()