[python常用图件绘制#02]频率、累计频率双纵坐标轴图

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-20 13:05:58 发布

Salierib

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-20 13:05:58 发布

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分类专栏： python画图文章标签： python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37948866/article/details/104102877

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一、功能介绍

输入：

某样本数据

样本分组数

输出：

必选：直方图（纵轴为某分组下样本的数目）

可选：累计频率线
1-1
二、代码

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns


class Histplot:
    def __init__(self, x_data, num_bins, linetype='ro-', legends=None, xlabel=None, ylabels=None, fsize=(10, 10), df_line=1):
        """
        :param x_data: 数据x列表
        :param num_bins: x的分组数
        :param linetype: 累计频率曲线的样式，默认为红色实心点
        :param legends: 图例名，默认为 "线性拟合结果", "实测值"
        :param xlabel:x坐标轴标题名，默认为 "数据x"
        :param ylabels:双y坐标轴标题名，默认为 "计数", "累计频率"
        :param df_line:是否显示累计频率曲线
        """
        if legends is None:
            legends = ["计数", "累计频率"]
        if xlabel is None:
            xlabel = "数据x"
        if ylabels is None:
            ylabels = ["计数", "累计频率"]
        self.x_data = x_data
        self.num_bins = num_bins
        self.linetype = linetype
        self.fsize = fsize
        self.legends = legends
        self.xlabel = xlabel
        self.ylabels = ylabels
        self.df_line = df_line

    def change_legend(self, new_legends):
        # 将图例名称改为new_legends
        self.legends = new_legends

    def change_ylabel(self, new_labels):
        # 将双y轴坐标轴标题改为new_labels
        self.ylabels = new_labels

    def change_xlabel(self, new_label):
        # 将x轴坐标轴标题改为new_label
        self.xlabel = new_label

    def change_linetype(self, new_linetype):
        # 将累计频率线的格式改为new_lintype
        self.linetype = new_linetype

    def draw_plot(self):
        fs = self.fsize  # 画布大小
        # 利用seaborn库对字体大小进行统一设置，为fgsize[1]的0.12倍，即画布纵向大小为1000时，font_scale=1.2
        sns.set_style("ticks")
        sns.set_context("talk", font_scale=fs[1]*0.12)
        plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']

        # 设置画布
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=fs)

        # ax:绘制频率直方图，不可选
        n, bins, patches = ax.hist(self.x_data, self.num_bins, rwidth=0.9, label=self.legends[0])
        ax.set_xlabel(self.xlabel)
        ax.set_ylabel(self.ylabels[0])

        # ax2:绘制累计频率曲线，可选
        if self.df_line:
            leiji_n = [sum(n[:i]) / len(self.x_data) for i in range(len(n) + 1)]
            ax2 = ax.twinx()
            ax2.plot(bins, leiji_n, self.linetype, ms=fs[0]*0.5, markeredgecolor='k', label=self.legends[1])
            ax2.set_ylim(0, 1)
            ax2.set_ylabel(self.ylabels[1])

        # 显示多图例
        fig.legend(loc=1, bbox_to_anchor=(1, 1), bbox_transform=ax.transAxes)
        fig.tight_layout()
        plt.show()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    np.random.seed(19680801)
    iqs = x = 100 + 15 * np.random.randn(500)  # 待绘制直方图的数据
    bins = 50  # 数据
    plot1 = Histplot(iqs, num_bins=bins, fsize=(10, 6.18))
    plot1.draw_plot()