父级:parentNode
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>父级元素</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<div>
<div id='div1'></div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
div1.style.width='100px';
div1.style.height='100px';
div1.style.background='black';
div1.parentNode.style.width='200px';//选择div1的父级元素
div1.parentNode.style.height='200px';
div1.parentNode.style.background='yellow';
div1.parentNode.parentNode.style.width='300px';//选择div1的父级的父级元素
div1.parentNode.parentNode.style.height='300px';
div1.parentNode.parentNode.style.background='red';
</script>
</body>
</html>
子级:children
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>子级</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id='parentDiv'>
<div>
<span></span>
<p></p>
</div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
for(var i = 0;i<parentDiv.children.length;i++){
parentDiv.children[i].style.width='100px';
parentDiv.children[i].style.height='100px';
parentDiv.children[i].style.background='green';
}
parentDiv.children[0].style.width='100px';
parentDiv.children[0].style.height='100px';
parentDiv.children[0].style.background='yellow';
parentDiv.children[2].style.width='100px';
parentDiv.children[2].style.height='100px';
parentDiv.children[2].style.background='red';
parentDiv.children[0].children[1].innerHTML='我是p标签';
</script>
</body>
</html>