运算符重载:对已有的运算符进行重新定义,赋予其另一种功能,以适应不同的数据类型
1、加号运算符
作用:实现两个自定义数据类型相加
class Person
{
public:
//成员函数重载加号
//Person operator+ (Person &p)
//{
// Person temp;
// temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
// temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
// return temp;
//}
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
//函数重载版本
Person operator+(Person &p1, int num)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + num;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + num;
return temp;
}
//全局函数重载加号
Person operator+ (Person &p1,Person &p2)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
return temp;
}
void test01(void)
{
Person p1;
p1.m_A = 10;
p1.m_B = 10;
Person p2;
p2.m_A = 20;
p2.m_B = 20;
//Person p3=p1.operator+(p2);//成员函数重载本质调用
//Person p3=operator+(p1,p2);//全局函数重载本质调用
Person p4 = p1 + p2;
//运算符重载,也可以发生函数重载
Person p3 = p1 + 10;//Person + int
cout << "p3.m_A=" << p3.m_A << endl;
cout << "p3.m_B=" << p3.m_B << endl;
cout << "p4.m_A=" << p4.m_A << endl;
cout << "p4.m_B=" << p4.m_B << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
2、左移运算符重载
作用:可以输出自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
//利用成员函数重载 左移运算符 p.operator<<(cout) 简化版本p<<cout
//不会利用成员函数重载<<运算符,因为无法实现cout在左侧
//void Person << (cout)
//{
//
//}
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
//只能利用全局函数重载左移运算符 ,ostream对象只有一个
ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout,Person &p)
{
cout << "m_A=" << p.m_A << ",m_B=" << p.m_B;
return cout;
}
void test02()
{
Person p;
p.m_A = 10;
p.m_B = 20;
cout << p << endl;
}
int main()
{
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
3、递增运算符重载(递减同理)
作用:通过重载递增运算符,实现自己的整形数据
class MyInteger
{
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &cout, MyInteger &myint);
public:
MyInteger()
{
m_Num = 0;
}
//重载前置++运算符
//返回引用是为了一直对一个数据进行递增操作
MyInteger &operator++()
{
//先进性++计算
m_Num++;
//再将自身返回
return *this;
}
//重载后置++运算符
//MyInteger operator++(int) int 代表占位参数,可以用于区分前置和后置递增
//因为返回的是一个局部变量,函数运行完会被释放,所以要值返回而不是引用返回
MyInteger operator++(int)
{
//先记录当时结果
MyInteger temp = *this;
//后递增
m_Num++;
//最后将记录结果返回
return temp;
}
private:
int m_Num;
};
ostream &operator<<(ostream &cout,MyInteger &myint)
{
cout << myint.m_Num;
return cout;
}
void test03()
{
MyInteger myint;
cout << ++myint << endl;
cout << myint++ << endl;
}
int main()
{
test03();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
4、赋值运算符重载
C++编译器至少给一个类添加4个函数
1、默认构造函数(无参,函数体为空)
2、默认析构函数(无参,函数体为空)
3、默认拷贝构造函数,对属性进行值拷贝
4、赋值运算符operator=,对属性进行值拷贝
如果类中有属性指向堆区,做值操作时也会出现深浅拷贝问题
class Person
{
public:
Person(int age)
{
m_Age = new int(age);
}
~Person()
{
if (m_Age != NULL)
{
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
}
//重载 赋值运算符
Person &operator=(Person &p)
{
//先判断是否有属性在堆区,如果有先释放干净,然后再深拷贝
if (m_Age != NULL)
{
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
//深拷贝
m_Age = new int(*p.m_Age);
//返回自身
return *this;
}
int *m_Age;
private:
};
void test04()
{
Person p1(18);
Person p2(20);
Person p3(30);
p3 = p2 = p1;//赋值操作
cout << "p1 age =" << *p1.m_Age << endl;
cout << "p2 age =" << *p2.m_Age << endl;
cout << "p3 age =" << *p3.m_Age << endl;
}
int main()
{
test04();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
5、关系运算符重载
作用:关系运算符重载,可以让两个自定义类型对象进行比对操作
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name, int age)
{
m_Name = name;
m_Age = age;
}
//==重载
bool operator==(Person &p)
{
if (this->m_Age == p.m_Age && this->m_Name == p.m_Name)
{
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
//!=重载
bool operator!=(Person &p)
{
if (this->m_Age == p.m_Age && this->m_Name == p.m_Name)
{
return false;
}
else
return true;
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
private:
};
void test05()
{
Person p1("Tom",18);
Person p2("Jack",20);
if (p1==p2)
{
cout << "p1==p2" << endl;
}
else
cout << "p1!=p2" << endl;
if (p1 != p2)
{
cout << "p1!=p2" << endl;
}
else
cout << "p1==p2" << endl;
}
int main()
{
test05();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
6、函数调用运算符重载
函数调用运算符()也可以重载
由于重载后使用的方式非常像函数的调用,因此称为仿函数
仿函数没有固定写法,非常灵活
//打印输出类
class Myprint
{
public:
void operator()(string test)
{
cout << test << endl;
}
private:
};
void test06()
{
Myprint myprint;
myprint("hello world");
//匿名函数对象,要有返回值
//cout << Myprint()("函数调用重载") << endl;
}
int main()
{
test06();
system("pause");
return 0;
}